Karteikarten
Cardiac Pharmacology Part 1 - Nursing
Karten in diesem Stapel (30)
- 1ACE INHIBITORS Example & ActionExample: Fosinopril
Action: Prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibiting ACE → reduced peripheral vascular resistance - 2ACE INHIBITORS Indication and adverse reactionsIndication: Mild to moderate hypertension, MI, congestive heart failure
Adverse reactions: Palpitations, hypotension, tachycardia, headache - 3ACE INHIBITORS Nursing Care Considerations• Monitor vital signs closely, especially BP
• Report rash, sore throat immediately – leukopenia (decreased WBC)
• Monitor serum urea and electrolytes - 4ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS Example and actionExample: Irbesartan
Action: Directly block the vasoconstriction effects of angiotensin II - 5ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS Indication and adverse reactionsIndication: Mild to moderate hypertension, heart failure
Adverse reactions: Hypotension, dizziness, isomnia, abdominal cramps - 6ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS Nursing Care Considerations• Monitor vital signs closely, especially BP
• Monitor serum urea and electrolytes - 7ALPHA BLOCKERS Example and ActionExample: Prazosin
Action: Block alpha I adrenergic receptors in arterioles and veins leading to reduced peripheral vascular resistance and venous return - 8ALPHA BLOCKERS Indication and adverse reactionsIndication: Hypertension, benign prostatic hypertrophy, congestive heart failure
Adverse reactions: Headache, drowsiness, lightheadedness, weakness, fatigue, dry mouth, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, rash - 9ALPHA BLOCKERS Nursing Care Considerations• Advise PT to take before sleep to avoid first dose effect
• Caution to those with CAD/IHD, angina, cerebral/coronary arteriosclerosis
• Not recommended in those with CCF caused by aortic/mitral valve stenosis, pulmonary embolism/ where a fall in BP is not desirable - 10BETA BLOCKERS Example and ActionExample: Non selective - proponolol, selective - Atenolol
Action: Inhibits beta-adrenoceptors (SNS) → reduces some of the body’s response to adrenaline → decreases HR, myocardial contractibility, CO, BP and myocardial oxygen demand. - 11BETA BLOCKERS Indication and adverse reactionsIndication: Hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, MI, tachycardia
Adverse reactions: Bronchospasm (non-selective), hypotension, bradycardia, heartblock, dizziness, exacerbation of angina, abdominal pain - 12BETA BLOCKERS Nursing Care Considerations• Monitor vital signs closely, especially BP and pulse rate, withhold if <50bpm
• Educate about postural hypotension
• Monitor for early signs of hypoglycaemia (tachycardia)
• Extreme caution with PTs with asthma, bronchospasm and COPD - 13CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS Example and ActionExample: Verapamil
Action:Block the influx of calcium ions during depolarisation of cardiac and smooth muscle → improved myocardial oxygen supply and CO →reduced cardiac workload and HR - 14CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS Indication and adverse reactionsIndication: Hypertension, arrhythmia, angina pectoris
Adverse reactions: Hypotension, dizziness, headache, constipation, diarrhoea, taste disturbance, gingival hyperplasia, peripheral oedema, dry mouth - 15CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS Nursing Care Considerations• Monitor vital signs closely, especially BP and pulse rate
• Encourage meticulous oral hygiene
• Report skin reactions that persists immediately - 16LOOP DIURETICS Example and ActionExample: Frusemide
Action: Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the medullary portion of the ascending loop of Henle, interstitial fluid become hypotonic, fluid moves out of the collecting duct. Calcium and magnesium reabsorption is also inhibited - 17LOOP DIURETICS Indication and adverse reactionsIndication: Hypertension, oedema, Heart failure, cirrhosis, renal impairment,
hypercalcaemia
Adverse reactions: hypotension, dehydration, fluid and electrolyte disturbance, dry mouth, muscle cramps, dizziness - 18LOOP DIURETICS Nursing Care Considerations• Any induced electrolyte imbalances should be corrected before therapy
• Monitor serum electrolytes and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) regularly
• Encourage salt in diet
• PT with diabetes should closely monitor their BGL during therapy
• PT education – report signs of hearing loss or ringing in ears - 19THIAZIDE DIURETIC Example and IndicationExample: Hydrochlorthiazide
Indication: Inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the proximal segment of the distal convoluted tubule. Promote excretion of water, sodium, chloride, potassium and magnesium - 20THIAZIDE DIURETIC Indication and adverse reactionsIndication: Hypertension, oedema
Adverse reactions: Fluid and electrolyte disturbances, hypovolaemia, hypokalaemia, dehydration, dizziness, GI upset, hypotension - 21THIAZIDE DIURETIC Nursing Care Considerations• Monitor vital signs and hydration status closely
• Caution in patients with diabetes - 22POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETICS Example and ActionExample: Spironolactone
Action: Blocks the action of Aldosterone in the distal convoluted tubule causing sodium excretion but not potassium. - 23POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETICS Indication and adverse reactionsIndication: Hypertension, oedema, cirrhosis
Adverse reactions: Fluid and electrolyte imbalances, hyperkalaemia,
postural hypotension, muscle cramps, weakness, dizziness - 24POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETICS Nursing Care Considerations• Renal function and electrolyte levels should be checked before and throughout therapy
• Monitor vital signs and hydration status closely
• Caution in patients with diabetes - 25OSMOTIC DIURETICS Example and ActionExample: Mannitol
Action: Work by directly interfering with osmosis by maintaining a high osmotic pressure in the tubules leading to water secretion. - 26OSMOTIC DIURETICS Indication and adverse reactionsIndication: Raised intracranial pressure, oedema, raised intraocular pressure (glaucoma)
Adverse reactions: dehydration, Hypovolemia, hypotension, hypertension, arrhythmia, nausea, vomiting, chills, fever - 27OSMOTIC DIURETIC Nursing Care Considerations• Monitor serum electrolytes and osmolarity levels closely
• Monitor vital signs and hydration status closely - 28CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITOR Example and ActionExample: Acetaxolamide
Action: Blocks the enzyme carbonic anhydrase → increased secretion of bicarbonate, sodium and water - 29CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITOR Indication and Adverse reactionsIndication: glaucoma, some types of epilepsy, cardiac and drug induced oedema
Adverse reactions: Disturbances in acid-base and electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis, hypokalaemia, tingling of extremities, confusion and drowsiness - 30CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITOR Nursing Care Considerations• FBC, platelet count and serum electrolyte should be monitored before and throughout therapy
• PTs with diabetes should closely monitor their BGL during therapy
• Monitor fluid intake and output
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- Karteikarten am Cardiac Pharmacology Part 1 - Nursing , erstellt von Eiei Uyhp am 04/06/2015.
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- Eiei Uyhp
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