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Karteikarten

Integumentary System

Veronica Silvosa Anatomy Honors Englisch 72 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (72)

  1. 1Functions of body membranescover body surfaces, line body cavities, form protective layers around organs
  2. 2Types of body membranes1. epithelial membrane (cutaneous, mucous, and serous membranes)
    2. connective membrane (synovial)
  3. 3Cutaneous membrane (type, wet or dry, and function)- type: epithelial tissue
    - structure: dry membrane
    - function: protection of underlying tissues and organs
  4. 4Cutaneous membrane layers1. epidermis- made of keratinized stratified squamous called epithelium
    2. dermis- mostly dense, fibrous connective tissue
  5. 5Mucous membrane (type, wet or dry, and function)- type: epithelial
    - structure: wet membrane
    - function: absorption or secretion
  6. 6Mucous membrane structure- lines all body cavities that open to the exterior body surface
    - has a loose connective layer called lamina propia and makes up mucosa with epithelial basement membrane
  7. 7Serous membrane (type, wet or dry, and function)- type: epithelial
    - wet membrane
    - function: line open body cavities that are closed to the outside of the body
  8. 8Serous membrane structure1. visceral layer- covers the outside of the organ (closest to organ)
    2. parietal layer- lines the organ cavity (outside part)
    - simple squamous epithelium/areolar connective
  9. 9three serous membranes:peritoneum: abdominal cavity
    pleura: around the lungs
    pericardium: around the heart
  10. 10synovial membrane (type, structure, and function)- type: connective tissue
    - structure: wet membrane/composed of loose areolar connective tissue
    - function: secretes a lubricating fluid to cushion organs
    (lines capsules surrounding joints and tendon)
  11. 11skin components- skin (cutaneous membrane)
    - skin appendages (oil glands, sweat glands, hair, nails)
  12. 12functions of the integumentary system- provides cushion/insulation for tissues
    - protects the body from several things
    -aids in conservation and retention of body hear
    - aids in the secretion of urea/uric acid
    - synthesizes vitamin d
  13. 13what does the integumentary system protect the body from- UV radiation
    - mechanical damage
    - thermal damage
    - chemical damage
    - desiccation
    - microbes
  14. 14hypodermis (tissue type and function)- type: adipose connective tissue
    - function: acts as a shock absorber and insulator for deeper tissues
  15. 15epidermis characteristics- outermost layer of skin
    - can be hard/tough
    - **stratified epithelium tissue
    - avascular
  16. 16keratin- makes skin hard and tough for added protection
    - made of keratinocytes
  17. 175 layers of epidermis (from superficial to deepest)- stratum Corneum
    - stratum Lucidum
    - stratum Granulosum
    - stratum Spinosum
    - stratum Basale
    ( Come Let's Get Sun Burnt)
  18. 18melaninpigment produced by melanocytes in stratum basale that produce skin color (yellow to brown to black)
  19. 19amount of melanin depends on whatgenetics and exposure to sunlight
  20. 20dermis- binds the body together
    - made up of two layers: papillary and reticular layer
  21. 21papillary layer- upper dermal region
    - contain projections called dermal papillae (that makes fingerprints)
    - increases friction/gripping ability
  22. 22reticular layer- deepest dermal layer
    - contains blood vessels, sweat/oil glands, and pressure receptors
  23. 23other dermal components- cutaneous sensory receptors
    - phagocytes (engulf bacteria/virus)
    - collagen/elastic fiber
    - blood vessels
  24. 24skin color components1. melanin (yellow, reddish-brown, black)
    2. carotene (orange-yellow pigment from vegetables)
    3. hemoglobin (red coloring from blood cells- oxygen content determines)
  25. 25erythema(redness) due to embarrassment, inflammation, hypertension, fever, or allergy
  26. 26pallor(blanching) due to emotional stress (such as fear), anemia, low blood pressure, impaired blood flow to an area
  27. 27jaundice(yellow coloration) indicates liver disorder
  28. 28hematoma(bruising) black and blue marks caused by bleeding under the skin
  29. 29sebaceous glands functionproduce sebum (oil), makes skin soft, prevents hair from becoming brittle, kills bacteria
  30. 30sebaceous glands location- located all over the skin except for palms and soles (activated during puberty)
    - have ducts that empty into hair follicles and others open to skin surface
  31. 31sudoriferous glands functionproduce sweat and widely distributed in skin
  32. 32two types of sudoriferous glandseccrine glands and apocrine glands
  33. 33eccrine sweat glands- produces acidic sweat that consists of water, salts, vitamin c, and waste
    - function in body temperature regulation
  34. 34apocrine sweat glands- in armpits and genitals
    - activate at puberty
    - release sweat that contains fatty acids and yellowish proteins
  35. 35what is hair produced by?single hair follicles
  36. 36what does the hair shaft consist of?keratinized epithelial cells
  37. 37where does hair grow?in the matrix of the hair bulb in the stratum basale
  38. 38hair anatomy- central medulla
    - cortex
    -cuticle
    -hair follicle
    -dermal region
    -arrector pili
  39. 39hair folliclecomposed of epithelial root sheath and sibrous sheath
  40. 40dermal region of hairprovides blood supply to the hair bulb
  41. 41arrector piliconnects to follicle and contracts when scared or cold (goosebumps)
  42. 42nail characteristics- heavily keratinized
    - lack of pigment
  43. 43what is responsible for hair growth?stratum basale (extends beyond nail bed)
  44. 44where does the growth of nails occur?nail matrix
  45. 45parts of nail- free edge
    - body (visible attached portion)
    - cuticle
    - root of nail (embedded in skin)
  46. 46athlete's footcaused by fungal infection (tinea pedis); itchy, red peeling skin between the toes
  47. 47turnacles (boils) and carbunclescaused by inflammation of hair follicles
    carbuncles are clusters of boils caused by bacteria
  48. 48cold sores(fever blisters)
    caused by human herpevirus I
    blisters, itches, and stings
  49. 49contact dermatitiscaused by exposure to chemicals that provoke allergic response
    - itching, redness, swelling of skin
  50. 50impetigocaused by bacterial infection
    - pink, fluid-filled raised lesions around mouth/nose
  51. 51psoriasisred, epidermal lesions covered with dry silvery scales that itch, burn, crack, and bleed
    - triggered by trauma, infections, hormones and stress
  52. 52burns definitiontissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, uv radiation, or chemicals
  53. 53burns impacts- loss of body fluids
    - infection from bacteria
    - protein denuturation
    - dehydration
    - electrolyte imbalance
    - circulatory shock
  54. 54first-degree burn- superficial burn
    - only epidermis is damaged
    - skin is red and swollen
  55. 55second-degree burn- partial-thickness burn
    - epidermis and superficial dermis is damaged
    - skin is red and blistered
    - regrowth can occur
  56. 56third-degree burn- full-thickness
    - destroys epidermis and dermis
    - burned area is painless
    - requires skin grafts
    -regeneration is not possible
    -burned area is blanched or black
  57. 57fourth-degree burn- full-thickness
    - extends to deeper tissue (bones, muscle, tendons)
    - appears dry and leathery
    - reguires surgery/grafting
    - may require amputation
  58. 58critical % of second-degree burns30%
  59. 59critical % of third/fourth-degree burns10%, or burns of face, hands, feet, and genitals
  60. 60critical burnsaffecting airways
    circumferential around the body
  61. 61rule of nines: arms head/neck trunk legs genitalsarms: 9% each
    head/neck: 9%
    trunk: 36%
    legs: 18% each
    genitals: 1%
  62. 62skin cancer riskoverexposure to UV radiation
  63. 63cancer classificationsbenign and malignant
  64. 64benigntumor (neoplasm) has not spread
  65. 65malignanttumor (neoplasm) affects other body areas
  66. 66basal cell carcinoma- least malignant
    - arises from cells in stratum basale (no longer make keratin)
    - lesions appear shiny, dome-shaped
  67. 67squamous cell carcinoma- UV exposure
    - cells in stratum spinosum
    - lesions appear scaly, reddened papules
    - can be removed
  68. 68malignant melanoma- most deadly
    - 5% of skin cancers
    - in melanocytes
    - lymph nodes and blood
    ABCDE rule
  69. 69ABCDE ruleA- asymmetry
    B- border
    C- color
    D- diameter
    E- evolution
  70. 70lanugohair covering the body after birth then goes away
  71. 71vernix caseosaoily covering apparent at birth
  72. 72miliasmall white spots common at birth

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Beschreibung
Honors Anatomy Karteikarten am Integumentary System, erstellt von Veronica Silvosa am 25/10/2021.
Erstellt von
Veronica Silvosa · Okt 2021
Aktualisiert
26 Okt 2021
Aufrufe
4
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