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Karteikarten

Upper Respiratory Tract

Jacob Coe CP University - Medicine Englisch 34 Karten

Upper Respiratory Tract

Karten in diesem Stapel (34)

  1. 1What constitutes the Conducting zone & Respiratory zone?What constitutes the Conducting zone & Respiratory zone?
  2. 2What are the main functions of the respiratory system? Any other functions?Gas transport - from atmosphere to alveoli.
    Surface for gas exchange - between air & circulating blood.
    Phonation - laryngeal sound production
    Olfaction - detection of olfactory stimuli
  3. 3Describe the location & function of respiratory mucosa.Line the conducting zone of the respiratory tract.
    Moisten air
    Warm air
    Filter air
  4. 4Classify the epithelium of the rspiratory mucosa.Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells.
  5. 5Describe the structure of the lamina propria.Loose CT
    Rich vascular network
    Contains mucous glands in upper part of RT
    Contains smooth muscle in lower part of RT
  6. 6a) Clarify the difference between the meanings of apocrine & merocrine. b) Why do goblet cells secrete mucus?a) Apocrine - secretes cytoplasm. Merocrine - secretes fluid that doesn't contain cellular components.
    b) Protection of lower RT, Lubrication, Trapping of inhaled dust, debris, pathogens.
  7. 7What is the mucociliary escalator?Coordinate sweeping of mucous coat.
  8. 8—
  9. 9Describe the functions of the nasal conchae & nasal meatuses.Creating turbulences of air
    Warm, moisten, humidify air to trap pathogens
  10. 10—
  11. 11From what bone are the superior & middle conchae formed?Ethmoid bone
  12. 12From what bone is the inferior nasal concha formed?None. It is itself a bone called the Inferior Nasal Concha.
  13. 13Describe the structure & functions of the cribiform plate.Formed from ethmoid bone.
    Contains foramina for olfactory cells to project through.
    Forms the roof of the nasal cavity.
  14. 14—
  15. 15Describe the pterygopalatine ganglion.Several CN contributions.
    Provides general sensation, secretomotor innervation to nasal cavity & lacrimal glands.
  16. 16Describe the olfactory nerves.Enter nasal cavity through foramina in cribriform plate.
  17. 17a) Name the artery. b) Name through what foramen the artery goes. c) Trace the artery back.a) Name the artery. b) Name through what foramen the artery goes. c) Trace the artery back.a) Name the artery. b) Name through what foramen the artery goes. c) Trace the artery back.
  18. 18a) How may epistaxis occur? b) What is the most common anatomical origin for epistaxis? c) In what patient demographic would epistaxis be worrying in?a) Rupturing blood vessels by sneezing for example.
    b) Kiesselbach area (anastomoses of 4-5 different arteries in the nasal septum).
    c) Can be lethal in patients with compromised haemostasis (blood clotting).
  19. 19Describe the anatomical position of the pterygoid venous plexus.Posterior to the maxilla bone
    Near the sphenoid bone
    Next to pterygoid muscles
  20. 20Describe the venous drainage from the sphenopalatine vein.Sphenopalatine vein
    Pterygoid venous plexus
    Maxillary vein
    Internal jugular vein
  21. 21What is a paranasal air sinus?An air-filled extension of nasal cavity.
  22. 22—
  23. 23Name the many functions of the paranasal air sinuses.Conditioning of air - increased SA for moistening & heating.
    Air reservoir - aids in olfaction by redirecting nasal air.
    Reduces weight of cranium
    Adds resonance to voice
    Protection
    Mechanical & thermal ventilation of orbits
    Regulate intranasal pressures
  24. 24—
  25. 25What epithelia line the paranasal sinuses?Respiratory epithelium
  26. 26Through what openings do the following sinuses drain: a) Sphenoidal? b) Maxillary? c) Ethmoidal? d) Frontal?a) Drains into spheno-ethmoidal recess (slightly superior to superior nasal concha).
    b) Semilunar hiatus
    c) Posterior ethmoidal cells --> Superior meatus. Middle ethmoidal cells --> Middle meatus. Anterior ethmoidal cells --> Semilunar hiatus.
    d) Infundibulum of middle meatus (via frontonasal duct)
  27. 27Where is the orifice of the nasolacrimal duct (tear duct) located?Inferior meatus
  28. 28Describe sinusitis.Inflammation & swelling of mucosa --> Local pain.
    Mucosal swelling --> Occlusion of openings --> Accumulation of fluid.
    In ethmoidal sinusitis, infection may spread to the optic nerves --> Blindness.
  29. 29Suggest why the maxillary sinus is mor prone to infection than the other sinuses.The opening to the maxillary sinus is located superiorly, therefore, maxillary drainage must act against gravity.
  30. 30—
  31. 31a) What are the 3 constrictor muscles of the pharynx? b) What is the function of these muscles?a) Superior, middle & inferior pharyngeal constrictors.
    b) Constrict the pharynx during swallowing.
  32. 32—
  33. 33Describe Waldeyer's ring.6 tonsils
    Composed of MALT
    Contain macrophages & T/B Lymphocytes
    Prevents pathogen contamination & spread.
  34. 34—

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Beschreibung
University - Medicine CP (Anatomy) Karteikarten am Upper Respiratory Tract, erstellt von Jacob Coe am 17/03/2022.
Erstellt von
Jacob Coe
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