Karteikarten
Sociology Midterm
Karten in diesem Stapel (45)
- 13 Main PeopleMarx
Durkheim
Weber - 2Sociologybehavioral science
- 3Sociological Perspectivecause of behavior in society -> how society influences behavior
(ex crime = social problem)
have to take in external factors - 4Traditional Societiesbonds, religion, tradition
- 5Modern Societymore problems - weaker bonds, crime, drug addiction, fam problems, suicide
- 6Culturesociety's values and beliefs
~communicated symbolically - 7Inductive Fallacymaking broad conclusions based on little knowledge
- 8Karl Marxcritic of capitalism
theory of Alienation - 9Alienation~Marx
~individuals in society feel disconnected bc work gave people meaning in life
~industrial rev lessened jobs -> people feel alienated
~traditional societies less likely to experience alienation - 10Class Conflictfault line between capitalists and workers - new set of mechanisms that can be used to exploit
- 11Durkheimdeveloped sociology
Anomie - 12Anomie"norm-less-ness"
cannot have society without norms - norms in society become weakened - human beings require meaning, structure, and purpose - is society lacks this, humans feel misplaced - 13Collective Consciousnessresults when everyone has similar experiences, things don't vary much (trad), you will never doubt your place in society (no concept of the individual)
- 14Solidarity vs Collective ConsciousnessIn mod societies, people are more likely to experience anomie due to solidarity
In trad societies, everyone has similar experiences and thus feel more connected, less anomie - 15The Enlightenmentfaith vs reason
~people don't have uniform experiences -> anomie -> uniformity is gone -> behavior much less predictable - 16Weberadds more sociological foundation to Marx's ideas
alienation - 17Alienation (Weber's addition)bc of the bureaucracy, humans go from being unique subjects to objects (dehumanized)
- 18Bureaucracya way something is organized to maximize efficiency - who you are as an individual is irrelevant
- 19Socializationconcepts of the self, identity
you are who society says you are - 20Symbolic Interactionbehaving based on how one believes others perceive them
- 21Looking Glass Selfa person's self grows out of society's interpersonal interactions and the perceptions of others
- 22Taking the Role of the Otherlooking at your past self through the POV of the people you were interacting with
- 23Agents of Socializationfamily, peers, school, media
- 24Deviancea violation of a cultural norm
society's reaction to the behavior, not the behavior itself - 25Sanctionssociety's reaction
two types: informal and formal - 26Informal Sanctioninformally letting you know your action is deviant - people getting mad, rolling their eyes
enough to keep people in check - 27Formal Sanctionusually involves crime
gov/state gets involved
can go to jail - 28Crimea threat to public safety
two types: property crime and crime against persons - 29Root Causes of CrimeShows connection between what happens in society and crime
(Strain Theory, Control Theory, Differential Association, Labeling Theory) - 30Deterrencedeter people from making crime by threatening severe punishment
(not very effective) - 31Strain Theorysociety must provide opportunites to achieve goals in order to be respected. when there are no opps -> strain = higher chance of people will give in to innovations such as crime
- 32Anomie + Strain Theoryhigher strain = higher anomie = higher likelihood of innovation
- 33Control Theorysocial integration - if a person is socially integrated, they are less likely to commit crime
- 34External Controls(Control Theory)
outside prevention of not committing crime - not wanting to get caught - 35Internal Controls(Control Theory)
moral reason for not committing crime, not wanting to cause harm
(if you have a job - more socially integrated - lower risk) - 36Differential AssociationSocialization - risk of getting involved in crime depends on how you were socialized - are you able to commit crime?
- 37Labeling Theoryif society labels you a criminal, you are more at risk to commit crime
(very pronounced racial and social class bias) - 38Interventionleads to prevention which leads to public safety
- 39Conflict Theory1) power is fundamental
2) power is always unequally distributed between dominant and subordinate
causes built in conflict - 40Social Controlpreserving the prevailing structure of power
two types: direct and indirect - 41Direct Control~force, violence, coercion
~sub groups always in state of being provoked
~takes a lot of effort, not most effective - 42Indirect Control~manage to get sub groups to consent to their group in society
~cultivation of the Perception of Legitimacy - 43Perception of Legitimacyas far as you're concerned, society is just
- 44War on Drugs (1986)not about drugs, but social control over people who are involved with drugs.
~threatening thing - defined as legit threatening for everyone - becomes criminalized
1971-2012 - prisons increased over 800% - 45Recidivismpeople who are released from prison that end up back in prison
"revolving door phenomenon"