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AS Archaeology - Unit 1 - 31 Key Definitions - Section A - AQA **INCOMPLETE**

Rebecca Giddings Archaeology AS - Level Englisch 62 Karten

AS Archaeology - Unit 1 - 31 Key Definitions - Section A - AQA **INCOMPLETE**

Karten in diesem Stapel (62)

  1. 1Ancestor/Ancestor Cult Definition- Belief dead ancestors watch over us & take active roles in events
    - Can intervene in daily life & be unpredictable
    - May need appeasing or be asked for help
  2. 2Ancestor/Ancestor Cult ExampleWest Kennet (long barrow)
    Handling of bones - regular due to ware; normally rough whereas these were smooth. Separated into piles.    Ancestor/Ancestor Cult Example
  3. 3Animism Definition- Belief in spirits
    - Animals/plants/objects/special places believed to have spirits
    - Spirits take an active part in life
    - May need appeasing or to be asked for help
  4. 4Animism ExampleN/A
  5. 5Art and Iconography DefinitionN/A
  6. 6Art and Iconography ExampleN/A
  7. 7Cremation Definition- Act of burning human remains (after death)
    - Type of funerary/mortuary ritual
    - Purify the dead & release the soul
  8. 8Cremation ExampleN/A
  9. 9Excarnation Definition- Deliberate defleshing of the bones
    - Occurs naturally (exposure to elements/'special animals') or by hand
    - Can form part of ritual practice
  10. 10Excarnation ExampleHolme-next-to-the-sea
    Upturned tree stump in centre of 60 timbers believed to be an excarnation table    Excarnation Example
  11. 11Focus of attention Definition- Criteria of Refrew & Bahn
    - Part of ritual site that catches attention
    - Bring focus to key part of the site; facilitates ritual taking place
    - Can be through layout/design means
  12. 12Focus of attention ExampleWest Kennet
    - Adult males; end chamber at end of narrow corridor (1st thing to be seen); signify importance
    - Large mound; stands out from landscape, indicate the sites presence
  13. 13Funerary ritual DefinitionN/A
  14. 14Funerary ritual ExampleN/A
  15. 15Grave goods DefinitionN/A
  16. 16Grave goods ExampleN/A
  17. 17Inhumation Definition- Burying of a body in the ground
    - Ritual practice
    - Mortuary practice
    - Remove taint of putrefying flesh from living community
  18. 18Inhumation ExampleN/A
  19. 19Liminal Definition- Boundary zone between one world and the next (portal/gateway)
    - Living may communicate with the dead
    - Limbo between worlds that can be dangerous
  20. 20Liminal ExampleN/A
  21. 21Magic DefinitionN/A
  22. 22Magic ExampleN/A
  23. 23Monotheism Definition- Worshipping & belief in one God; oversees all aspects of life
    - No belief in a pantheon of Gods
  24. 24Monotheism ExampleN/A
  25. 25Myth DefinitionN/A
  26. 26Myth ExampleN/A
  27. 27Pilgram Definition- Person undertaking a special journey to a religious place for worship
    - Possible special route
    - May pray/complete religious activities on the way
  28. 28Pilgrim ExampleThornborough
    - Cumbrian axe head (500/600m, Northern henge) from lake district (80 miles away)
    - Brought by pilgrim?    Pilgrim Example
  29. 29Polytheism Definition- Belief in multiple deities
    - May be responsible for different aspects of life (eg: Poseidon, God of the sea)
    - May be responsible for day-to-day concerns & spiritual concerns
    - Deities may form a 'pantheon' (group)
  30. 30Polytheism ExampleGundestrup cauldron
    4 Gods & 4 Goddesses - tell an important story/belief?    Polytheism Example
  31. 31Prayer/participation DefinitionN/A
  32. 32Prayer/participation ExampleN/A
  33. 33Priest/Ritual Specialist DefinitionN/A
  34. 34Priest/Ritual Specialist ExampleN/A
  35. 35Propitiation/Votives DefinitionN/A
  36. 36Propitiation/Votives ExampleN/A
  37. 37Purity & Cleansing Definition- Removal of sin/dirtiness/taint (washing away impurities)
    - Make something/someone acceptable to deities/spirits --> to enter afterlife
  38. 38Purity & Cleansing ExampleExcarnation form of this.
    Holme-next-to-the-sea; upturned tree stump = excarnation table?    Purity & Cleansing Example
  39. 39Rites of passage DefinitionN/A
  40. 40Rites of passage ExampleN/A
  41. 41Rites of intensification Definition- Time of discomfort/stress for community (eg; death of important person/natural disaster)
    - Feelings become intense & event takes place
    - Aim to return community to normality
  42. 42Rites of intensification ExampleWest Kennet
    - Bones used in many rituals (before being sealed away) which is evident by smoothness of bones
    - Significant importance on people 'buried' in the tomb
  43. 43Ritual Definition- Repeated acts carried out in accordance with beliefs
    - Occur at special times, special places
    - May need special clothes, equipment, words & movements
  44. 44Ritual ExampleWest Kennet
    - Bones in side communal tomb; smooth (indicates repeated handling)
    - Ritual linked to ancestor cult; appeasement of ancestors occurred regularly & repeatedly
  45. 45Ritual feasting DefinitionN/A
  46. 46Ritual feasting ExampleN/A
  47. 47Sacrifice DefinitionN/A
  48. 48Sacrifice ExampleN/A
  49. 49Sensory experience DefinitionN/A
  50. 50Sensory experience ExampleN/A
  51. 51Shamanism DefinitionN/A
  52. 52Shamanism ExampleN/A
  53. 53Shrine/Temple/Ritual structure DefinitionN/A
  54. 54Shrine/Temple/Ritual structure ExampleN/A
  55. 55Symbolism Definition- Presentation of abstract idea (difficult to express)
    - Image or symbol
    - Help to understand ritual belief; especially in non-literate societies
    - Give sense of belonging/identity
  56. 56Symbolism ExampleVenus Figurines
    Willendorf; symbolizes mother goddess --> exaggerated reproductive features    Symbolism Example
  57. 57Totemism Definition- Special relationship: between a group & special animal spirits, can represent community or be sacred
    - May be rules about how animal is treated
    - Animal spirit may guide/protect its people
  58. 58Totemism ExampleN/A
  59. 59Worldview Definition- A set of ideas
    - Way of looking at the world > Explains our place in relation to physical & supernatural (spiritual) worlds
    - Ideas often influence ritual structures
    - Provides origin explanations
  60. 60Worldview ExampleN/A
  61. 61Worship DefinitionN/A
  62. 62Worship ExampleN/A

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Beschreibung
31 Definitions for AS Archaeology ARCH1 exam, Section A.
Erstellt von
Rebecca Giddings
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