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Research : Key words

katiehumphrey Sociology GCSE Englisch 46 Karten

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  1. 1validitythis refers to whether the findings accurately reflects the reality they are describing
  2. 2reliablitythis refers to whether the findings can be checked by another researcher. If someone does the same research as you and achieves the same results, then the findings are said to be reliable
  3. 3quantitativethis refers to numbers and statistics e.g. questionnaire results
  4. 4qualitativethis refers to data that is descriptive, in a form of words rather than numbers. e.g. interviews or observations. This type of data can be difficult to analyse as it involves a process of sifting through information
  5. 5research devicethe research method that you will use for your investigation, such as a questionnaire or interview questions
  6. 6samplingthis refers to the procedures for selecting respondents. There are different types of sampling e.g. snowball and random sampling
  7. 7primary datathis refers to the data that the researcher collects them selves
  8. 8secondary datathis refers to data that already exists and is used by the researcher to help their study e.g. government statistics, case studies etc. The reason why this data should be used is because you need to understand what other people have said about the problem or issue you wish to discuss
  9. 9closed questionsa fixed choice questions where respondents choose between a number of given answers
  10. 10open questionsallows respondents to answer the question in their own way
  11. 11pilot studyA practice run before you do the real research to find out if there are any problems with the methods
  12. 12research populationthe group (s) of people relevant to the study being completed
  13. 13interviewsThis method is when you ask people detailed questions about a topic and get them to give you answers in return. This can be done face to face or on the telephone
  14. 14structured interviewsthe interview reads out a list of questions, which will be answered by the respondent
  15. 15unstructured interviewsthere is no predetermined set of questions. The interviewer has some idea of what they are going to ask. The respondent is encouraged to talk freely about a subject
  16. 16semi structured interviewsin between structured and unstructured interviews, the interviewer will have some idea of the questions they want to ask but will follow the lead of the interviewee
  17. 17focus groupseveral respondents are interviewed at once and are allowed to discuss the questions being asked of them
  18. 18interviewer biaswhere the interviewer influences the answers that the respondent gives
  19. 19social desirabilitywhere the respondent gives the kind of answer that they think the researcher want to hear
  20. 20fully non participantthe researcher is separate from the research situation, for example observing from behind a one-way mirror or video camera
  21. 21fully participantthe researcher becomes a member of the group being studied and joins in with the action
  22. 22covert observationthe group is totally unaware that research is taking place
  23. 23overt observationthe researcher fully explains to the group who he or she is and what they are doing
  24. 24objectivitystudying topics and people with an open mind and not allowing your own views and opinions to influence the findings
  25. 25case studyThis is a detailed in-depth study of one particular example of a type of group, organisation or event e.g. studying behaviour of gangs in one school for a year
  26. 26longitudinal studyA study taking place over a long period, following changes over time
  27. 27content analysisThis is a method which involves counting up the number of times or for how long particular words or images are used in a media product such as a newspaper or television program
  28. 28operationaliseto define exactly what is meant by any terms used for categorisation
  29. 29biasthe subject is presented in a one-sided way, which favours one point of view more than others
  30. 30personal documentsDiaries and letters are used most often by sociologists as secondary data. Letters can diaries can give a good insight to life of the individual person
  31. 31mass media documentsNewspapers, magazines, TV, radio, film and the internet and so on gives sociologists different types of material for research e.g. a documentary on ‘Gang Crime’ can help someone’s research on gang sub cultures
  32. 32historical documentsThis is evidence from the past which can draw information. This may be the only way to attain data from people who have died. Although a good source you can never be sure how truthful they are
  33. 33samplea small group of people, usually cross sectional, on whom research will be carried out
  34. 34sample framethe source from which a sample is drawn
  35. 35random samplethe sample group is chosen completely at random
  36. 36stratified samplethe research population is divided up into relevant groups, such as by gender and age, and a random sample is then taken from each of these groups to generate more representative data
  37. 37systematic sampleselecting every nth name from the sampling frame, therefore not random at all
  38. 38snowball sampleanother non-random sample where a researcher makes contact with one relevant respondent and then asks them to put them into contact with further respondents. Often used when studying a topic with no sampling frame, for example, gang members
  39. 39cross sectionalif a sample is cross sectional, then it will be made up of a range of different people to best represent the research population
  40. 40generalisationsresults from a study can be applied to the whole of the research population
  41. 41representativewhen the data can be said to accurately represent the research population in terms of, for example, gender and age composition
  42. 42triangulationusing more than one research method or researcher in order to complete the investigation
  43. 43exaggerationstretching the truth
  44. 44distortiondistortion is changing the way something looks. Researchers may loose objectivity when carrying out research, which may distort their results
  45. 45selectionthe researcher deciding which parts of the data to select for their study and which to get rid of
  46. 46fit for purposethe methods and evidence you choose for any piece of research are the ones that give you the best chance of completing your investigation accurately and meeting your aims

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GCSE Sociology (Research Methods) Karteikarten am Research : Key words, erstellt von katiehumphrey am 15/01/2014.
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