Karteikarten
Lipids
Karten in diesem Stapel (33)
- 1What are lipids ?typically fats. Soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in water
- 2the functions of lipids- structural components of membranes
- inter-cellular storage molecules
- transport metabolic fuels
-protection - 3in addition to lipid functions what else can lipids be ?vitamins and hormones
- 4what are fatty acids?long chain carboxylic acid, this tends to be hydrophobic
- 5name of fat cellsAdipocytes
- 6where is excess energy stored?Adipocytes (fat cells)
- 7what are trans-fatty acids?trans-fatty acids, are acids that have double bonds so unsaturated, however the different groups are on opposite sides trans, about double bond
- 8is trans fats healthy or unhealthyUnhealthy and pose a health risk
- 9relationship of melting point and chain lengthlonger the chain length the higher the melting point
- 10relationship between melting points and unsaturated/ saturated fatty acidsunsaturated fatty acids= low melting point
saturated = high melting point - 11Functions of fatty acids- precursors of molecules
- involved on biological signalling - 12define the different types of unsaturated fatty acids poly and monounsaturated- polyunsaturated --> has more than one double bond in the fatty acid chain
- monounsaturated --> has one double bond in the fatty acid chain
- 13What does amphipathic mean?amphipathic means that it is both hydrophobic and hydrophillic
- 14what is this structure and what is its function?triglyceride (triacylglcyerol) --> derivatives of glycerol
Function: storage of metabolic fuel
- 15How are fatty acids broken down into acetyl coenzyme ABy beta oxidation
- 16what is hydrogenation?This is the solidifying of unsaturated fats by the treatment using hydrogen making saturated fats, saturated with hydrogen
- 17what are waxes?esters of long fatty acids with long chain monohydroxylic alcohol's. this tends to act as water repellent
- 18Phospholipids are -------------------Phospholipids who are amphipathic. Amphipathic meaning it is hydrophobic and hydrophillic
- 19Simple lipids arefats and waxes
- 20complex lipids includeGlycerophospholipids
and
Sphingolipids - 21Sphingolipids- long alcohol amino acids
-sphingosine joins to fatty acids forming ceramide - 22Sphingomyelin- head: phosphocholine/ phosphoethanolamine
- found in plasma membrane and myelin sheath
- 23cerebrosides- head galactocerebroside/ glucocerebroside
- has beta linkages
- found in membranes
- 24Gangliosides (glycolipids)fatty acid containing sugar and N- acetyl neuramic acid
- found on cell surface membrane
-involved in cell recognition - 25what are isoprenes?ispoprenes are branched chain unsaturated hydrocarbons
- 26what are terpenes?-derivates of isoprenoids
- these are found in plants and tend to have flavor and odour - 27list eicosanoids- prostaglandin
- thromboxane
- leukotrienes
- aspirin - 28cholesterol- amphipathic
- a steroid
- 4 ringed molecule
-found in the membrane
- is planar and involved in membrane fluidity
- 29derivatives of cholesterol are...- sex hormones --> oestradiol and testosterone
- aldosterone
-cortisol - 30Vitamin D functionphosphate and calcium metabolism
- 31vitamin A functionretinol essential for vision
- 32vitamin EAntioxidant
- 33vitamin KBlood clotting