Karteikarten
1.1 Carbohydrates
Karten in diesem Stapel (24)
- 1What are organic molecules?Molecules which contain carbon
- 2What are carbohydrates used for? (2)•Used by cells as respiratory substrates
•Form structural components in plasma membranes and cell walls - 3What is a monomer?An individual molecule
- 4What is a polymer and how are they formed?Monomers joined together in a long chain
- 5What elements do all carbohydrates contain?C, H and O
- 6What monomers are carbohydrates made from?Monosaccharides
- 7What type of reaction joins monosaccharides together?Condensation reaction
- 8What bond is formed in a condensation reaction and what is produced?Glycosidic bond + water molecule
- 9What are the 6 sugars?•Glucose
•Fructose
•Galactose
•Maltose
•Sucrose
•Lactose - 10What are the 3 monosaccharide sugars?•Glucose
•Fructose
•Galactose - 11What is an isomer?Isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula but different chemical structures
- 12What are the 2 isomers of glucose?Alpha glucose and beta glucose
- 13What is the structure of alpha glucose?OH is down down up down
- 14What is the structure of beta glucose?OH is up down up down
- 15What is a disaccharide?2 sugar monomers which have been joined together by a chemical bond
- 16What are the 3 disaccharides?•Maltose
•Sucrose
•Lactose - 17How do you make the 3 disaccharides?•Glucose + glucose -> maltose
•Glucose + fructose -> sucrose
•Glucose + galactose -> lactose - 18What is the (reversible) equation for condensation and hydrolysis reactions?Monosaccharide + monosaccharide <> disaccharide + water
> = condensation
< = hydrolysis - 19What is a polysaccharide?A chain of sugar molecules (polymers) which have been joined by a glycosidic bond in a condensation reaction
- 20Why are polysaccharides not sugars? (2)•Not sweet
•Not soluble - 21What is an example of a naturally occuring polysaccharide and where is it found?Starch - plants
- 223 ways how starch is adapted for its function?•Amylose has a coiled structure which makes it compact so can fit more in small space
•Amylopectin has side branches which allow faster breakdown by enzymes so glucose is released quickly
•Insoluble so doesn't affect water potential - 232 ways how glycogen is adapted to its function?•Very highly branched - can be released quickly
•Compact - can store a lot in a small space - 24How is cellulose adapted to its function?Beta molecules form straight cellulose chains when they bond, chains are linked by hydrogen bonds to form microfibrils to provide structural support
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- AS level AS Biology (Unit 1 - Biological Molecules) Karteikarten am 1.1 Carbohydrates, erstellt von Tania Parvaiz am 01/03/2017.
- Erstellt von
- Tania Parvaiz
- Aufrufe
- 20
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