Karteikarten
The Heart
Karten in diesem Stapel (22)
- 1How does blood flow around the heart?- Deoxygenated blood flows into the right side and to the lungs
- Oxygenated blood returns to the left side of the heart and is pumped to the body - 2What type of muscle is the heart made up of?Cardiac muscle
- 3What do the coronary arteries do?Supply the heart with its on blood supply to keep in contracting and relaxing
- 4What surrounds the heart to stop it from over-distending with blood?Inelastic pericardial membranes
- 5What is the cardiac cycle?- Diastole
- Atrial systole
- Ventricular systole - 6What happens during diastole?-Heart relaxes
- Atria then ventricles fill with blood
- Volume and pressure of blood increase - 7What happens in atrial systole?Atria contract
- 8What happens in ventricular systole?- Ventricles contract
- Pressure inside heart increases
- Blood forced out of heart to body and lungs
-Back to systole - 9Where does the lub-dub sound come from?Blood pressure snapping the valves shut
- 10Where does the 1st ad 2nd sound come from?1st - Blood forced against AV valves
2nd - Backflow of blood closes semilunar valves - 11The heart is myogenic, what does this mean?- Has its own intrinsic rhythm
- 12What is the advantage of the heart being myogenic?It prevents the body wasting resources to maintain heartbeat
- 13What factors affect heartbeat?- Exercise
- Excitement
- Stress - 14How is the rhythm in the heart maintained?By a wave of electrical excitement
- 15What are all the steps of the basic rhythm of the heart?1. Wave of excitement at SAN
2. Atria contract
3. Heartbeat initiated
4. Layer of non-conducting tissue prevents wave passing directly to tissues
5. Wave picked up by AVN
6. Slight delay
7. Stimulates Purkyne tissues that penetrate through the septum between the ventricles
8. Bundle of fibres splits into 2 branches and conducts wave at the apex of the heart
9. Purkyne fibres spread through walls of ventricles on both sides
10. Ventricles contract - 16What makes the ventricles more efficient when emptying blood?The apex contracted first forced blood to move upwards and out
- 17Why is there an AVN delay?Makes sure the atria have stopped contracting.
- 18What do electrocardiograms do?Record the tiny electrical differences in the skin to see how the heart contracts
- 19What is tachycardia?- Rapid heartbeat (over 100bpm)
- Treated by medication/surgery - 20What is bradycardia?- Slow heart rate (below 60bpm)
- Higher fitness lowers heart rate
- Treated by a pacemaker - 21What is ectopic heartbeat?Extra heartbeats that are out of rhythm
- 22What is atrial fibrillation?- Arrhythmia (abnormal rhythm of heart)
- Fast atria
- Not all impulses passed on
- Slow ventricular contractions
- Inefficient pumping of blood
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- AS level Biology (Chapter 08 - Transport systems in Animals ) Karteikarten am The Heart, erstellt von Bethany Westwood am 16/03/2017.
- Erstellt von
- Bethany Westwood
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