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Karteikarten

ICT - Unit 2

faithevalouise ICT A Levels Englisch 60 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (60)

  1. 1What is Hardware?Hardware is any part of the computer that you can physically touch, pick up, hold or move.
  2. 2Example of Hardware?- Monitor
    - Keyboard
    - Mouse
  3. 3What is Software?Software are the applications and programming instructions needed to make the computer work.
  4. 4Examples of Software?- Operating Systems
    - Applications Software
    - Utility Software
  5. 5What are Peripherals?A peripheral is any hardware device which connects to the computer and is controlled by the CPU, with the exception of memory.
  6. 6Examples of Peripherals?- Monitor
    - Keyboard
    - Mouse
    - Printer
    - Scanner
    - Speakers
    - External Hard Drive
    - Graphics Tablet
  7. 7Pros of Standards?- More Choice from a variety of Manufacturers
    - Lower Prices and Better Technical Developments
    - Not locked into one manufacture
    - Can be purchased from many retail outlets
    - Able to compare equipment performance from different manufactures
    - Devices will work together
    - Can be mended or serviced by a number of companies
    - Easy to find alternative equipment
  8. 8Cons of Standard?- Once you have purchased your equipment you are locked into that manufacturer
    - You have to go to a specialist retail outlet to purchase the equipment and peripherals. They are not so easily available as equipment which follows standards
    - You cannot sensibly compare equipment as they use different standards
    - There is a lack of price competition which can result in hire prices
    - There may be less encouragement for technical developments due to fewer competitors.
  9. 9Software Standards.Software standards are less common than hardware standards. Companies publish a 'standard' that allows other companies to create compatible files.
  10. 10Problems with Web Browser Standards.- Colours may appear different
    - The size of the font may look different
    - Browser may not support certain fonts and default
    - Layouts may appear different
    - Plug ins such as flash my work on some browsers but not others.
    - Script lanuages might work slightly differently in different browsers.
  11. 11What is an Input device?An input device is a piece of hardware that is used to enter data.
  12. 12Keyboard.It is made up of buttons. They include:
    - Alphabet Keys
    - Functions or F Keys
    - Numeric Keys (x2)
    - Arrow Keys
    - Command Keys
  13. 13Mouse.Also known as a pointing device. It enables you to control what happens on the screen by moving the mouse and pointing, clicking and selecting items on the screen.
  14. 14Touch Pad.The equivalent of a mouse for a laptop.
  15. 15Joystick.You can move joysticks in many directions and the joystick tells the computer which direction it has been moved into. They can also have buttons, and when pressed, delivers information to the computer.
  16. 16Concept Keyboard.It is a flat board that contains a grid of buttons. Each button can be programmed to do whatever you want.
  17. 17Touch Screen.This is both an Input AND Output device. You view options to you on the screen (output) and then use your finger to touch the option you want (input).
  18. 18Scanner.A scanner is used to convert images or text on paper into a digital format that can be used by the computer.
  19. 19Graphics Tablet.They consists of a flat pad which you draw on with a special pen. As you draw on the pad, what is being drawn appears on the computer monitor. These can let people produce more accurate drawings virtually / on the screen that they could with a mouse for example.
  20. 20MICR.Magnetic Ink Character Recognition.
    These read things like cheques. They are able to process 300 cheques a minute with 100% accuracy.
  21. 21OMROptical Mark Reader.
    These read things like multiple choice tests and lottery tickets. They interpret the pattern of marks and send the results to the computer for storage, analysis and reporting.
  22. 22OCROptical Character Recognition.
  23. 23Magnetic Stripe Reader.Magnetic Strips are on the back of most credit cards. These are then swiped through a Magnetic Strip Reader and the data is fed back to the computer.
  24. 24Barcode Reader.A barcode reader is an automatic input device which is used to scan or read the barcode using a visible red light. The reflected light is then translated into digital data that is interpreted by the computer to identify the product and price from the database.
  25. 25Biometric Devices.These are devices is recognises characterises such as finger prints or eye retinas.
  26. 26What are some Output devices?- Monitors
    - Printers
    - Laser Printers
    - Ink-Jet Printers
    - Dot-Matrix Printers
    - Plotters
    - Speakers
    - Lights
  27. 27Monitor.A monitor/ screen is the most commonly used output device.
  28. 28Laser Printer.A laser printer uses toner which is fused onto paper by heat and pressure.
  29. 29Ink-Jet Printer.These are cheap to buy and combine black and white at the same time. These use cartridges which contain ink.
  30. 30Dot-Matrix Printer.Also called Impact Printers, aren't used as much any more. They are noisy. The print head contains a grid of pins and different combinations of pins are pushed out to form different characters. The print head then hits a carbon ribbon leaving an imprint on the paper.
  31. 31Plotters.These are a specialist type of printer which is able to draw high quality images on very large pieces of paper. They can print things like maps and blueprints.
  32. 32SpeakersMost computers have speakers installed and they can produce sound when errors have occurred.
  33. 33Lights.Lights such as LEDs can be connected to a computer or within equipment and respond to electrical signals which tell them to switch on and off.
  34. 34What are the different Storage Sizes?- Bit
    - Byte
    - Kilobyte (KB)
    - Megabyte (MB)
    - Gigabyte (GB)
    - Terabyte (TB)
  35. 35What are some Storage Devices?- ROM
    - RAM
    - Hard Disk
    - Magnetic Tape
    - CDs
    - DVDs
    - Flash Memory
    - Blu-Ray
  36. 36ROMRead Only Memory. This is the special kind of memory which stores the intructions which the computer uses when it boots up - the BIOS.
  37. 37RAMRandom Access Memory.
    When a program is opened, it gets loaded from the hard drive into the RAM. This is because reading data from the RAM is much faster than reading data from the hard drive. Running programs from the RAM of the computer allows them to function without any lag time. The more RAM your computer has, the more data can be loaded from the hard drive into the RAM, which can effectively speed up your computer.
  38. 38Hard Disk.The hard disk is housed inside the hard drive, which reads and writes data to the disk. When you save data or install programs on your computer, the information is typically written to your hard disk. The hard disk is a spindle of magnetic disks, called platters, that record and store information. Because the data is stored magnetically, information recorded to the hard disk remains intact after you turn your computer off. This is an important distinction between the hard disk and RAM, or memory, which is reset when the computer's power is turned off.
  39. 39Magnetic Tape.This is used when lots of data needs to be stored. It uses 'serial access' to find the data within it. Meaning that you have to work through all the data to find what you're looking for.
  40. 40CDs.- CD-ROM: CD Read Only Memory. This means when you buy the disk, it already has data on it and you can only read this and not edit it.
    - CD-WORM: CD Write Once Read Many. This means you are able to save data to the disk once and read it as many times as you want.
    - CD-RW: CD ReWritable. This means you can save data to your disk over and over.
  41. 41DVDs.A standard DVD can save 4.7Gb of data. There are different kinds of DVD including; DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW and DVD+RW.
  42. 42Flash Memory.These are typically small, lightweight, removable and rewritable.
  43. 43Blu-RayThese can store more data than a DVD. They are able to store a full length high definition film.
  44. 44Different types of specialist hardware?- Puff Suck Switch
    - Foot Mouse
    - Eye Typer
    - Braille Keyboard/ Printer
    - Speakers/ Microphone
  45. 45Puff-Suck Switch.You suck or Puff down a tube in order to activate a switch. The switch is connected to the computer. This then instructs the computer to do something.
  46. 46Foot Mouse.This can be used to navigate through software programs and select things in much the same way as a conventional mouse.
  47. 47Eye Typer.A camera is mounted onto the computer and it is set to focus on the users eye. The camera determines where the user is looking and monitors movements made by the eye. Mouse clicks are done with a slow eye blink.
  48. 48Braille Keyboard and Printer.A braille keyboard is a specialist input decive that allows the user to type and enter text or instructions for the computer in Braille.
    A Braille printer operates by embossing raised braille dots onto braille paper.
  49. 49Speakers and Microphones.Speakers can be used for visually impaired people in term of text-to-speech systems.
    A microphone can let people speak commands into the computer.
  50. 50Specialist Software.- Magnifier
    - Predictive Text
    - Operating Systems
  51. 51Magnifier.Many software applications allow you to zoom in closer to the work on screen so that it is easier to see.
  52. 52Predictive Text.It is when a few characters are entered and the software predicts what you are typing.
  53. 53Operating System.Operating systems allow you to make many changes to suit your needs. This includes things like making the text bigger, text or visual alternatives for sound and using the computer without a display.
  54. 54What are the different types of User Interfaces?- Command Line Interface
    - Menu Interface
    - Forms Interface
    - Dialogue Interface
    - Natural Language
    - WIMP Interface
  55. 55Command Line Interface.A CLI allows the user to interact directly with the computer system by typing commands into a screen. You can't type any kind of instructions though, because the computer only reacts to a definite set of words.
  56. 56Menu Interface.This is simply an on screen menu which the user can navigate through. They are easy to use and the user doesn't have to know or remember anything as step-by-step options are given so that the user doesn't have to remember anything.
  57. 57Dialogue Interface.This is a way of interacting with your environment by means of the spoken word.
  58. 58Natural Language.This allows the user to speak or type in their normal everyday language in order to interact with the computer. This works with applications like speech recognition software.
  59. 59WIMP or GUI Interface.A graphical user interface is the most common type of user interface seen today. It is a friendly way for people to interact with the computer because it makes use of pictures, graphics and icons.
    W: Windows; a rectangular area on the screen where the commonly used applications run.
    I: Icons; a picture or symbol which is used to represent a software application or hardware device
    M: Menus; A list of options from which the user can choose what they require.
    P: Pointers; a symbol such as an arrow which moves around the screen as you move your mouse and helps you select objects.
  60. 60Characteristics of User Interfaces.- Attractive and pleasing to the eye
    - Be easy to use
    - Ensure all screens are consistent
    - Have all options clearly shown
    - Have clear warning messages when someone makes a mistake
    - Have online help and support.

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A Levels ICT (AS ) Karteikarten am ICT - Unit 2, erstellt von faithevalouise am 21/05/2014.
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