AP Biology Chapter 15.4

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

large scale chromosomal alterations

miscarriages + developmental disorders

nondisjunction

homologous chromosomes do not separate normally

monosomic zygote (one copy)

trisomic (three copies)

aneuploidy (altered number of a particular chromosome)

down syndrome (trisomy 21)

polyploidy

organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes

triploidy (3n)

-polyspermy

-fertilization of an abnormal gamete

tetraploidy (4n)

-four sets of chromosomes

alterations

deletion of a segment

duplication of a segment

inversion of a chromosomal segment

translocation from one chromosome to another

"cry of the cat" (deletion in chromosome 5)

CML (cancer)