Chapter 9: Cultural Awareness

Chapter 9: Cultural Awareness

1. Health Disparities

   • Differences among populations in the incidence, prevalence and outcomes of health conditions, diseases, and related complications. 
   • Social Determinants of Health
     • Poor access to health care
     • Quality of Care
     • Preventative health
     • Health education
     • Available rescues to enable self-management

2. Facets of Culture

   • In order to provide culturally congruent care a health care provider must recognize the differences and the overlapping aspects of each facet. Additionally, understanding and recognizing these facets will help provide care that fits a person's life patters and values. 
   • gender
   • Sexual orientation
   • Location
   • Class
   • Immigration status

3. Cultural Influence on Health and Wellness

   • Culture affects how an individual defines the meaning of illness
   • To provide culturally congruent care, you must understand the difference between illness and disease
     • Illness: the way the individual and family react to the disease.
     • Disease: a malfunction of the psychological or biological process 

4. Developing cultural competence

   • Campinha-Bacote's model of cultural competency
     • Cultural awareness
       • Self-examination of one's own background, prejudices, recognizing biases
     • Cultural Knowledge
       • Knowledge of diverse groups, world view, health beliefs etc
     • Cultural Skills
       • ability to assess social, cultural, biophysical factors that influence care and treatment 
     • Cultural Encounters
       • cross-cultural interactions the provide opportunities to learn and develop communication about other cultures
     • Cultural Desire
       • motivation and commitment to caring that makes an individual want to learn about other cultures
   • Blanchet and Pepin three dimensions of Cultural competence
     • building a relationship with the other
     • Work outside the usual practice framework
     • Reinventing practice in a action

5. Patient Centered Care vs. Cultural Competence

   • Patient centered care goal
     • provide individualized care and restore emphasis on personal relationships
   • Cultural Competence
     • Increase health equity and reduce disparity by concentrating on disadvantaged populations 
   • Both aim to improve health care quality

6. Cultural Assessment to plan culturally competent care

   • Goal: to obtain accurate info from a pt that allows you to formulate a mutually acceptable and culturally relevant plan of care 
   • Use open ended, focused, and contrasted questions
   • Will help you focus on information that most relevant to your pt
   • Encourage your pt to describe their values and beliefs