Musculoskeletal System

Musculoskeletal System

1. Functions

   • Support to stand erect
     • movement
       • encase/protect vital organs (brain, spinal cord, heart)
         • to produce RBC's and WBC's and platelets in bone marrow (hematopoiesis)
           • Reservoir for storage of essential minerals

2. Bones

   • 206 in the body
     • Framework, hard, rigid, very dense
       • cells continually turn over and remodel
         • site of hematopoiesis

3. Joints (articualtion union)

   • articulation of 2 or more bones
     • functional unit of system
       • nonsynovial/synovial
   • Synovial joint
     • Nonsynovial joint
       • unites bones by fibrous tissue or cartilage
         • immovable ex.sutures of skull
           • slightly moveable ex. vertebrae
     • freely moveable
       • bones separated by enclosed joint cavity
         • Cavity filled w/ lubricant, synovial fluid
           • Avascular synovial fluid nourishes joint
             • stable conx tissue, slow cell turnover
               • joint surrounded by fibrous capsule and supported by ligaments
                 • Bursa fluid filled sac in areas of potential friction. help muscle and tendon glide smoothly over bone
                 • ligaments fibrous bands connect bone to bone

4. Muscles

   • Contract and produce movement
     • skeletal, smooth, cardiac
       • skeletal muscles are under voluntary control
   • Movements
     • Flexion- straighten limb at joint
       • Extension- straighten limb at joint
         • Abduction - moving limb away from midline
           • Adduction- moving limb toward midline
             • Pronation - turning forearm so palm is down
               • Supination - turning so forearm is palm up
                 • Circumduction - moving arm in circle at shoulder
                   • Inversion-moving sole of footwear inward at ankle
                     • Eversion moving sole outward at ankle
                       • Rotation- moving head around central axis
                         • Protraction - moving body forward and parallel to ground
                           • Retraction - moving body part backward and parallel to ground
                             • Elevation- raising a body part
                               • Depression lowering a body part

5. Subjective and objective data for assessment

   • subjective - joints, knee, muscles, bones, functional ADL's, Patient centered care, exercise
     • Objective- screening, complete, inspection, palpating, ROM, Muscle testing, GGT, Functional ADL's