CGP Section Two

CGP Section Two

1. Mitosis

   • Mitosis
   • Stages
     • 1. Prophase
       • Chromosomes get shorter and fatter.
       • Membrane of the nucleus breaks down.
     • 2. Metaphase
       • Chromosomes line up in the centre
     • 3. Anaphase
       • Cell fibres pull the chromosomes apart and the two arms go to the opposite sides of the cell
     • 4. Telophase
       • Membranes form around the sets of chromosomes.
       • Chromosomes become the nuclei
   • 2 daughter cells
   • Regrow identical cells ie. Hair, Skin and Nails

2. Nerves

   • Neurotransmitters diffuse the message across the synapse from one nerve to the next
   • Neurons
     • Sensory
       • Long dendron carries from receptor to cell body. One short axon carries from cell body to CNS
     • Motor
       • Many dendrites carry from CNS to cell body. One axon carries from cell body to CNS.
     • Relay
       • Many dendrites carry from sensory to cell body. An axon carries impulsed from cell body to motor neurons.

3. Growth Carts

   • Assess child's growth over time.
     • Identify problems ie. Obesity
   • They have percentiles which show, what that percent of people are at that age and weight.

4. Cells

   • Stem
     • Undiferenciated
     • Can be found in adult bone marrow and embryos
     • Uses in Medicine
       • Treat diseases ie. Sickle cell anemia
       • Replace damaged or diseased cells
     • Risks
       • Tumour Development
         • Stem cells divide quickly
           • If it can't be controlled then a tumour could grow
       • Disease Transmition
         • Viruses live inside cells
         • If the donor cells are infected then they can be transmitted to the patient
       • Rejection
         • Patients body may treat the stem cells as foreign and therefore reject them and trigger an immune response.
   • Specialised
     • CGP Section One