MEMORY KEY TERMS

MEMORY KEY TERMS

1. RECONSTRUCTIVE MEMORY altering our recollection of things so that they make more sense to us

2. LEVELS OF PROCESSING the depth at which information is thought about when trying to learn it

   • STRUCTURAL PROCESSING (SHALLOW PROCESSING) thinking about the physical appearance of the word to be learnt eg: is it 'UPPERCASE' or 'lowercase'
   • PHONETIC PROCESSING thinking about the sound of words to be learnt
   • SEMANTIC PROCESSING (DEEP PROCESSING) thinking about the meaning of the words to be learnt

3. FORGETTING

   • INTERFERENCE things that we have learnt that make it difficult to recall other information that we have learnt
     • RETROACTIVE INTERFERENCE when information we have recently learnt hinders our ability to recall information we have learnt previously
     • PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE when information we have already learnt hinders our ability to recall new information
     • CONTEXT the general setting or environment in which activities happen
     • ANTEROGRADE AMNESIA being unable to learn new information after suffering brain damage
     • RETROGRADE AMNESIA loss of memory for events that happened before brain damage

4. BRAIN STRUCTURE

   • Hippocampus
     • A brain structure that is crucial for memory

5. FLOW OF INFORMATION

   • STORAGE holding information in the memory system
     • MULTI-STORE the idea that information passes through a series of memory stores
       • LONG-TERM MEMORY (LTM) holds a vast amount of information for a unlimited length of time
         • PRIMACY EFFECT the first information received is recalled better then subsequent information
       • SHORT-TERM MEMORY (STM) holds approx. 7 -/+2 of information for a limited amount of time. Approx 30 Secs. Unless the information in it is maintained through rehersal which is then transferred and stored into the LTM
         • RECENCY EFFECT information received later is recalled better than earlier informationT
       • SENSORY STORAGE holds information received from the senses for a very short period of time
   • RETRIEVAL recovering information from storage so we can use it
   • ENCODING changing information in such a way so it can be stored internally in our memory store

6. EYE WITNESS TESTIMONY (EWT) an account given by a person of an event they have witnessed

   • RELIABILITY in the context of EWT the extent to which it can be regarded as accurate
   • LEADING QUESTION a question that hints that a particular type of answer is required
   • COGNITIVE INTERVIEW a method of questioning witnesses that involves recreating that context of an event
   • STEREOTYPE an oversimplified set of ideas that we have about others, for example secondary headteacher are strict, intimidating, scarey and male