2809799
Description
Mind Map by c.hodgson1504, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by c.hodgson1504
almost 9 years ago
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Memory
Multi-Store
Model
- Multi-Store Model
- The flow of
information in
the memory
- Encoding - Storage - Retrieval
- Sensory Store - Short-term
memory - Long-term memory
- Encoding - Storage - Retrieval
- The 3 stores
- Sensory
memory
- Information arrives at our senses (sight, sound, taste,
touch, smell). This is briefly held in our sensory store. It
only stays for a short period of time.
- Information arrives at our senses (sight, sound, taste,
touch, smell). This is briefly held in our sensory store. It
only stays for a short period of time.
- Sort term memory
- Can hold 7+/- 2
pieces of
information
- New information pushes out old
information. Also if you don't rehearse
the information, it will probably be
forgotten within a few minutes.
- Can hold 7+/- 2
pieces of
information
- Long term memory
- This store is very large and
the information can stay in
there indefinately.
- This store is very large and
the information can stay in
there indefinately.
- Sensory
memory
- The flow of
information in
the memory
- Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968)
- They thought that information passes
through a series of memory stores and each
of these stores has different characteristics.
- The duration ad capacity of
each memory store.
- Sensory - lasts less than one
second - the capacity is very
limited
- Short-term - lasts less than 1 minute -
can hold between 5-9 chunks of
information.
- Long-term - has a duration
of a lifetime - the capacity is
unlimited.
- Sensory - lasts less than one
second - the capacity is very
limited
- The duration ad capacity of
each memory store.
- They thought that information passes
through a series of memory stores and each
of these stores has different characteristics.
- Research Studies
- Peterson and Peterson (1959)
- Their aim was to see if rehearsal was
necessary to hold information in the
short-term store.
- Their method was to give participants a set of three letters to
remember (hjd, ywo) but were immediately asked to count
back in threes out loud. this was done to prevent rehearsal.
Participants were then asked to recall their letters in the
correct order.
- They found that participants had forgotten all
of the information after 18 seconds.
- They concluded that we cannot hold information
in our short-term store unless we can rehearse it.
- They concluded that we cannot hold information
in our short-term store unless we can rehearse it.
- Their aim was to see if rehearsal was
necessary to hold information in the
short-term store.
- Murdock (1962)
- His aim was to
provide evidence
to support the
multi-store
model
- His method was that participants had to learn a list of words presented one at a time, for
two seconds per word, and then recall them in any order.
- He found that the words at the end of the list were recalled first. Words
at the beginning were also recalled quite well, but the middle words were
not recalled very well.
- Words recalled from the end
of the list is known as the
recency effect.
- Words recalled from the beginning is
known as the primary effect.
- Murdock concluded that this provides evidence for
separate short and long-term stores.
- Words recalled from the end
of the list is known as the
recency effect.
- His aim was to
provide evidence
to support the
multi-store
model
- Peterson and Peterson (1959)
- Practical Implications
- The capacity of the STM is 7 chunks of information. Car
number plates and postcodes never have above 7 digits in
them.
- The capacity of the STM is 7 chunks of information. Car
number plates and postcodes never have above 7 digits in
them.
- Key terms
- Encoding
- Changing information so it can be stored.
- Changing information so it can be stored.
- Regency effect
- Information received later is recalled
better than earlier information.
- Information received later is recalled
better than earlier information.
- Primary effect
- The first information received is recalled
better than subsequent information.
- The first information received is recalled
better than subsequent information.
- Storage
- Holding information in
the memory system.
- Holding information in
the memory system.
- Retrieval
- Recovering information from storage.
- Recovering information from storage.
- Short-Term store
- Holds approximately seven chunks of
information for a limited amount of time.
- Holds approximately seven chunks of
information for a limited amount of time.
- Long-Term Store
- Holds a vast amount of information
for a very long period of time.
- Holds a vast amount of information
for a very long period of time.
- Sensory Store
- Holds information received from the
senses for a very short period of time.
- Holds information received from the
senses for a very short period of time.
- Encoding
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