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Flashcards

Psychological Problems Vocab

Caitlyn Salter Psychology IGCSE English 65 cards

Cards in this deck (65)

  1. 1Unipolar depressiona type of mood disorder causing periods of sadness and lacking in motivation to do everyday activities
  2. 2Twin studiesresearch that compares behaviour in groups of twins to see if there are similarities in each pair
  3. 3Monozygoticgenetically identical twins
  4. 4Dizygoticnot genetically identical twins
  5. 5Genetic predispositiona biological tendency to develop a particular behaviour as a result of the genes someone has
  6. 6Diathesis-stress modelan explanation for depression that claims people can have a gene that makes them more likely to develop depression, but only if they face a stressful situation that triggers depressive thoughts
  7. 7Serotonina neurotransmitter associated with controlling mood
  8. 8Deterministicexplanations of behaviour that say our actions come from what we are born with and what we experience; this is the opposite of having 'free will' or 'free choice'
  9. 9Free willexplanations of behaviour that claim we have the ability to choose exactly what type of behaviour we want to show; this is the opposite of being 'determined'
  10. 10Cognitive theoryan explanation that focuses on how thought processes influence behaviour
  11. 11Negative triada set of three thought patterns where people feel bad about themselves, the future and the world in general
  12. 12Magnificationa form of cognitive bias that makes people see their problems as far bigger than they actually are
  13. 13Natureexplanations of behaviour that focus on innate factors (the things we are born with)
  14. 14Nurtureexplanations of behaviour that focus on environmental factors (the things that happen to us)
  15. 15Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)a therapy for mental health disorders that aims to reduce symptoms through a change of thought process
  16. 16Placeboan inactive substance or 'fake pill' used instead of an active substance; the person given a placebo doesn't know it's fake
  17. 17Relapsereturn of symptoms after treatment has been given
  18. 18Addictiona mental health problem that means people need a particular activity/thing/substance in order to be able to go about their normal routine
  19. 19Learning theoryan explanation that believes behaviour is learnt through associations & experiences
  20. 20Classical conditioninglearning by associations
  21. 21Operant conditioninglearning through the consequences of the actions
  22. 22Social learning theorybehaviour is learnt through observation and imitation of role models
  23. 23Reinforcementan outcome resulting from behaviour that increases the chance of repeating or avoiding the behaviour
  24. 24Functional analysisthe first stage of CBT to treat addiction - identifies triggers
  25. 25Skills trainingthe second stage of CBT to treat addiction whereby addicts learn ways to control the patterns of behaviour that lead to their addiction
  26. 26Detoxificationwhen an addict tries to stop taking the substance they are addicted to
  27. 27Longitudinal studythe same people are tested over a period of time to investigate changes
  28. 28Likert-type scalea scale where a person can rate their level of agreement to a statement
  29. 29Hemispherehalf of the brain, if we imagine a person facing forward and then we look down from the top there's a left and right side
  30. 30Cerebrumthe largest part of the brain where higher processing happens; it includes the cortex
  31. 31Cortexthe outer layer of the brain
  32. 32Spinal corda pathway of nerves inside the spine, which connects the brain to the rest of the body through the peripheral nervous system (PHS)
  33. 33Brainstemthe part of the brain that connects the spinal cord to the upper brain
  34. 34Reflexesactions that are automatic and do not require conscious thought
  35. 35Frontal lobethe area at the front of the brain responsible for decision-making and impulse control
  36. 36Temporal lobethe area on the side of the brain that contains hearing and memory
  37. 37Parietal lobethe area at the top of the brain that plays an important role in perception and touch
  38. 38Occipital lobethe area at the back of the brain that controls vision
  39. 39Lateralisation of functionthe different jobs that are done by each half of the brain, they have their own specialities
  40. 40Asymmetricalthe two hemispheres have different amounts in how they work on different tasks, not equal to each other
  41. 41Corpus callosuma thick bundle of nerve fibres connecting the two hemispheres of the brain so they can communicate with each other
  42. 42Broca's areaa part of the left hemisphere of the brain that contains speech production
  43. 43Spatial awarenessthe ability to negotiate space and navigate our way around our environment
  44. 44Central nervous system (CNS)the brain and spinal cord, which relays messages from the brain to the rest of the body to instruct it what to do
  45. 45Peripheral nervous system (PNS)the system of nerves that connect the central nervous system (mainly the spinal cord) to the skin, muscles and organs
  46. 46Neurotransmitterschemicals found within the nervous system that pass messages from one neuron to another across a synapse
  47. 47Neurona nerve cell that transmits information
  48. 48Synaptic transmissionthe process by which neurotransmitters are released by a neuron, move across the synaptic gap and are then taken up by another neuron
  49. 49Synapsea gap between two neurons that allows messages, in the form of neurotransmitters, to pass from one cell to another
  50. 50Axonthe long structure that connects the cell body of a neuron to the terminal button at the end of the cell
  51. 51Terminal buttonthe end of a neuron
  52. 52Vesiclessmall sacs containing neurotransmitter (chemical) molecules
  53. 53Receptorsspecial sites on neurons that are designed to absorb neurotransmitter molecules
  54. 54Neurological damagedamage to the body's central and peripheral nervous system
  55. 55Visual agnosiaan inability to recognise things that can be seen
  56. 56Prosopagnosia'face-blindness' or an inability to recognise faces
  57. 57Pre-frontal cortexthe area of the brain's cortex at the very front of the frontal lobe, immediately behind the forehead
  58. 58Agnosiaan inability to interpret sensations and thus to recognise things
  59. 59Fusiform face area (FFA)part of the temporal lobe, close to the occipital lobe, that is thought to help in face recognition
  60. 60White matterbrain and spinal cord tissue, consisting mainly of nerve fibres (axons)
  61. 61Neurosciencethe scientific study of the brain and nervous system
  62. 62Post-morteman examination of a body after death
  63. 63EEG (electroencephalograph)a method of measuring brain activity using electrodes placed on the scalp
  64. 64MRI (magnetic resonance imagine)a method of studying the brain using electromagnets
  65. 65PET (positron emission tomography)imagery showing the amount of energy being used throughout the brain

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IGCSE Psychology Flashcards on Psychological Problems Vocab, created by Caitlyn Salter on 25/03/2020.
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Caitlyn Salter
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