Concerto Through Time

Concerto Through Time

1. Baroque

   • Time Period
     • 1600-1750
   • Key Features
     • ornaments/ musical ideas
       • Inversion
         • melody in opposite direction
       • Retrograde
         • Notes played in reverse order
       • Sequening
         • Repeating a pattern on a different starting note, higher or lower
       • Imitation
         • Same phrase, slight change
       • Ostianto
         • Repeated pattern
       • Trill
         • lots of tiny quick notes
       • Appogiatura
         • Extra note in chord
   • Compsers
     • Bach
     • Handel
     • Purcell
     • Vivaldi
   • Structure
     • Solo concerto
       • Solo instrument with orchestra accompaniment
     • Concerto grosso
       • Group of soloists with orchestra accompaniment
     • 3 movements
       • fast slow fast
   • Instruments
     • Harsichord
       • Main Baroque instrument
         • development before the piano
     • String
       • violin, viola, cello, double bass
     • Woodwind
       • Flute, recorder, organ, oboe, bassoon
     • Brass
       • early forms, not fully developed
         • Trumpets, horns
   • Key Words
     • Basso Continuo
       • Usually played on double bass/ organ/ harpsichord
         • Played throughout a piece of music, continuous bass part
     • Fugue
       • based around short musical phrase
     • Ripeno
       • instruments accompaniying the concertino
     • Terraced dynamics
       • not gradual

2. Classical

   • Time Period
     • 1750-1820
   • Key Features
     • Homophonic texture
       • Clearer, more simple melody
     • More dynamics
       • crescendos, diminuendos
     • Major and minor keys
     • Block Chords
       • Notes played at same time
     • Broken chords
       • notes played individually
     • Constant tempo
   • Composers
     • Mozart
     • Hayden
     • Beethoven
   • Structure
     • Solo concerto
       • more popular
     • 3 movements
       • Sonta (brisk but purposeful)
         • Tenary (slower)
           • Rondo (Fast)
   • Instruments
     • Piano
       • new invention, very popular
     • Clarinet
       • new invention, woodwind
     • Mainly string, accompanied by mainly horns flutes and oboes
   • Key Words
     • Diatonic
       • all notes belong to same key (in harmonies)

3. Romantic

   • Time Period
     • 1820-1900
   • Key Features
     • Wide range of dynamics
       • dramatic
     • Fast tempo
       • Rubato
         • 'robbed time' speed up in one phrase, slow in the next
     • More harmonies
       • 7ths added to chords
   • Composers
     • Chopin
     • Wagner
     • Tchaikovski
   • Instruments
     • Percussion grew
       • xylophone, glockenspiel, drums, cymbals
     • Brass development
       • Trombones, tubas
     • Piano
       • main focus of melody
   • Key Words
     • Cadneza
       • Virtuoso passage in middle of a movement
     • Virtuoso
       • highly skilled musician
   • Structure
     • same as classical themes would link movements
     • no improvisation