Typhoid

Typhoid

1. Causative organism

   • Salmonella typhi

2. Incubation period

   • 8-14 days

3. Occurence

   • 17 million per year worldwide

4. Natural reservoirs

   • No natural reservoir outside humans

5. Mode of transmission

   • Only affects humans
   • Water & food contaminated by infected feces

6. Period of cummunicability

   • As long as Typhoid is present in excreta
   • Some become permanent carriers

7. Signs & symptoms

   • Severe diarrhea
   • Rose spots on chest & abdomen
   • Temperature above 39 degrees C
   • Headache
   • Stomach pains
   • Headache
   • Loss of appetite

8. Preventative measures

   • Vaccination for travellers to Asia, Middle East, Africa, Latin America, & Pacific Islands
   • Health education on hygiene & hand washing

9. Methods of control

   • Antibiotics
   • Frequently washing hands before food & after toilet

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