Spectacular Youth Cultures replaced by Neo-Tribes

Spectacular Youth Cultures replaced by Neo-Tribes

1. Theories

   • MARXISTS from the CCCS believe that things such as high unemployment, inner city decay, racial tensions and strikes lead to spectacular youth subcultures.
     • SPECTACULAR YOUTH CULTURES - A group of most of the time young people who share the same norms and values and can often be seen as resisting against society. Examples of theses are; Punks, Mods, Skinheads, Teddyboys
       • HALL & JEFFERSON - TEDDYBOYS : In the 1950s there was high employment. They felt that youths were excluded and therefore felt resentful. They used jackets to symbolise them trying to be like their middle class superiors.
       • HEBDIGE - MODS: The 1960s had high employment for youths. Working class people used their own money to create a style which was resistant to middle class. They had Italian suits and scooters in order to show they could be smart and cool
       • CLARKE - SKINHEADS: In the 1970s involved things such as unemployment, decline of working class industries and racial tensions. Clarke thought that working class identity was under threat due to economic conditions. This led them to over-exaggerating it as a form of resistance. E.g. denim, dungarees, steel toe caps
         • PHIL COHEN - SKINHEADS: HE believes they feel threatened and focus on reclaiming territory (racism). He also thinks that football hooliganism is an expression of ownership of the ground and surrounding area.
       • HEBDIGE - PUNKS: They were around in the 1970s. Hebdige believes that they resist against the dominance of mainstream media and fashion industries because they tell youths how to be.
   • POSTMODERNISTS
     • Neo-Tribes
       • Neo-tribes are people who pick n mix from other youth subcultures and don't fully commit to all of the norms and values of any youth subculture. This can also be seen as consumer culture.
   • FUNCTIONALISTS believe that being in a youth culture is just a faze or transitional stage of growing up, and is functional for society.
     • Key ideas
       • Integration and belonging
       • Social solidarity and value consensus
       • Want to avoid 'ANOMIE' so isolation and homelessness

2. Conclusion