Mindmap

Approaches and Methods for ESL

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Inhalt der Mindmap

COMMUNICATIVE
- METHODS
  - SILENT WAY
    - Teacher Talk
    - Signals
  - NATURAL WAY
    - Comprehensible input
    - Acceptance of L1
  - ICB
    - L2 Development
    - Integrated content/language
    - Thematic units across curriculums
  - SHELTEREd/SIOP
    - Grade level modified
    - Scaffolded
    - Visuals
    - Cooperative learning
    - Guarded vocabulary
    - Language/content objectivves
    - Standard driven
    - Echevarria, Vogt, & Short
  - SUGGESTOPEDIA
    - Minimal Error Correction
    - Relaxed setting
    - Use of L1
- Focus on language learning via communication
- Student centered
- Meaningful acquisition
- Purposeful
- ZPD
  - Vygotsky
- Rooted in Constructivism
GRAMMATICAL/GRAMMAR BASED
- Teacher centered
  - Memorize language rules and sentence patterns
    - Originally used in Greek and Latin Instruction
      - Fixed or staged
- METHODS
  - GRAMMAR TRANSLATION
    - Holistic approach to grammar
      - Develops reading, writing, and grammar
  - DIRECT
    - Total Immersion in L2
    - Open ended responses
    - No use of L1
  - AUDIOLINGUAL
    - Minimal use of L1
    - Stresses error correction
    - Repetition/drills
    - Grammar taught carefully/sequenced
COGNITIVE
- CALLA
  - CALP development in L1 and L2
  - Prior Knowledge
  - Cooperative learning
  - Learning strategy instruction
  - Content/Language objectives
  - Chamot and O'Mallley
- Learner centered
- Explicit teaching of learning strategies
- Metacognition
- Working memory
- Interaction/guidance driven