Chemistry Test 2

Chemistry Test 2

1. Law of...

   • Conservation
     • LAVOISIER;  that mass in an isolated system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformations.
   • Definite Proportions:
     • Proust;  constant composition states that a given chemical compound always contains its component elements in fixed ratio (by weight) 
   • Multiple Proportions:
     • states that when two elements combine to form more than one compound, the mass of one element, which combines with a fixed mass of the other element, will always be ratios of whole numbers.

2. Theories

   • Dalton's Atomic Theory::
     • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=thnDxFdkzZs 1) All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible. 2) All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties 3) Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms. 4) A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms.
   • Brownian Theory
     • the irregular motion of small  particles suspended in a liquid or a gas,caused by the  bombardment of the particles by molecules of the medium
   • Nuclear Theory
     • http://study.com/academy/lesson/rutherford-model-of-the-atom-definition-diagram-quiz.html -Gold Foil Experiment 1. Most of the atomic weight and positive charge is in the nucleus  2. Vol. of atom is most empty space with dispersed electrons 3. neg charges outside nucleus  ># of protons = atomic # (Z) >mass number = atomic mass(A)  # of protons + # of Neutrons > #ofProtons = #ofElectrons

3. Scientists

   • Chapter 2 Scientists

4. METALS

   • -Solid at room temp with the exception of Hg -Conducts heat/electricity -Malieable -Ductile -Lose Electrons and form Cations 75% of elements are metals
   • Alkali
     • Very Reactive Never uncombined  tend to form water soluble compounds
   • alkali earth metals
     • Harder than typical Alkali metals with higher boiling points

5. Non Metals

   • -all 3 states - poor conductors  -brittle when solid -gain electrons, anions
   • Halogens
     • -diatomic  -Reactive React with metals to form ionic compounds
   • Noble Gases
     • -Gases at Room Temperature -Unreactive, inert  -Low melting and Boiling point -Very hard to remove and give electrons -color

6. QUIZ ON CONCEPTS

   • Chapter two Concept Quiz

7. Transition Metals

   •  e.g., iron, manganese, chromium, and copper. Chemically they show variable valence and a strong tendency to form coordination compounds, and many of their compounds are colored.

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