C3

C3

1. Qualitative analysis

   • Analysing substances
     • Blood tests
       • Carried out to monitor patients general health
         • Can also be used to diagnose diseases
           • measuring cholesterol in blood - diagnose heart disease
             • alcohol content of a drivers blood
   • Testing for ions
     • calcium, Ca2+
       • White precipitate
         • Ca2+(aq) + 2OH- (aq) --> Ca(OH)2 (s)
     • Copper(ll) Cu2+
       • Blue precipitate
         • Cu2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) ---> Cu(OH)2 (s)
     • Iron(ll) Fe2+
       • Green precipitate
         • Fe2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) --> Fe(OH)2 (s)
     • Iron(lll)Fe3+
       • Brown precipitate
         • Fe3+ (aq) + 3OH- (aq) --> Fe(OH)3 (s)
     • Aluminium Al3+
       • White precipitate then redissolves in excess NaOH to form colourless solution
         • Al3+ (aq) + 3OH- (aq) -->Al(OH)3 (s)
           • Then
             • Al (OH)3 (s) + OH-(aq) --> Al (OH)-4 (aq)
   • Qualitative analysis tells you WHAT is present
     • Could mean doing tests
       • To work out the identity of a mystery substance
         • Lots of substances are made up of different bits
           • EG- ionic substances all have a positive bit and a negative bit
     • Ionic reactions

2. Quantitative analysis

   • Measuring amounts
   • solutions and concentrations
   • Hard Water
   • Titrations
   • Preparing soluble salts

3. Electrolytic processes

   • Electrolysis of molten substances
   • Electrolysis of solutions
   • Electrolysis of copper electrodes
   • Electroplating

4. Gases,reversible reactions and ammonia

   • Calculating volumes
   • Reversible reactions
   • The haber process

5. Organic chemistry

   • Homologous series
   • Production of ethanol
   • Production and issues of ethanol
   • Ethene and ethanoic acids
   • Esters
   • Uses of Esters