SPEECH SOUNDS

SPEECH SOUNDS

1. The sounds we make when we speak are the result of muscles contracting.

   • The phonatory apparatus is a set of the different organs that intervene in the articulation of language in the human being, these organs are:
     • LARYNX: Produce many differents modifications in the flow of air from the chest to the mouth.
     • PHARINX: is a tube which begins just above the larynx, and the other being the begining of the way through the nasal cavity
     • The palate is divided into two parts: hard palate and soft palate, the hard palate is subdivided into pre-palate, mid-palate and post-palate and in the case of soft or veil palate subdivided into two pre-vell- and post-velar areas.
     • TONGUE:the tongue and apex is fundamental to make the articulation point.
     • TEETH: the teeth are directly involved in the articulation of language by acting as a support point against which the tongue pushes to make certain sounds.
     • LIPS: The lips have the function in the production of words when I speak, these can refer to lipstick, bilabial, lipodental, labialized.

2. DESCRIPTIONS OF SPEECH SOUNDS

   • There are nine features fall into two borad categories
     • the firts category contains those characteristics that are only relevant if we want todescribe the physical aspects of English sounds as precisely as possible, but they have no revelance to the segmental phonology of English
     • the second categpry cotains those features that are both phoneticallyand phonologically relevant in English
     • FEATURES PHONETICS
       • Loudness: as a suprasegmental features,or prosodic feature. it is one component os stress, duration, and sound quality. And thus contributes to the distinction between the noun record and the verb record.
       • Pitch: it is related to the frequency of the vibration of the vocal folds: the faster the vocal folds vibrate, the higher the pitch.
       • Tone of voice: This means that the final sound in the word see, for example has the same quiality respectif of the loudness, pitch, or duration with which it is pronunced, and it refers to de difference in "colour".
       • Duration and length: Both woreds refers to span of time during which a sound is sustained
       • air-stream mechanism:are made with some movement of air that is pushed upfromthe lungs through the trachea, and leaves the body through the mouth and sometimes through the nose.

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