CHEMISRTY 1

CHEMISRTY 1

1. ATOMIC STRUCTURE

   • electron charge: -1
   • proton charge: +1
   • neutron charge: 0

2. -LIMESTONE is a sedimentary rock made from the compound calcium carbonate. -Formula is CaCo3. -Formed from the remains of tiny sea creatures, from millions of years ago. -When limestone is heated a thermal decompostion reaction occurs

3. LIMESTONE QUARRING has three different issues Environmental, Economic and Social

4. EXTRACTING METALS

   • -Ores are most metals that have to be extracted from metal-containing rocks. -Metals in the reactivity serise can be extracted by heating their oxides with carbon. -this technque is called Reduction By Carbon or Smelting. -it is a displacement reaction
   • metal oxides + carbon -> metal + carbon dioxide

5. COMPOUND STEELS

   • - The simplest steels. -Used for car bodies, knifes, machinery, ships and buildings. -Made be removing most of the carbon but leaving small amounts of it. -Contains less than 0.1% carbon. -Soft and bendy.

6. LOW ALLOY STEELS

   • -More expensive than carbon steels. -Contains between 1% and 5% of other metals. -Used for bike chains and suspension cables. -Strong.

7. -ALUMINIUM is the most abundant metal in the earths crust. -It is found in the ore bauxite. -Electrolysis needed to separate Al and O. -Very expensive. -Causes environmental issues.

8. -TITANIUM is the 4th most abundant metal in the earths crust. -It is found in the ore rutile. -Very strong and low density. -Very high melting point. -Resists corrosion. Its vary expensive

9. Sulphur dioxide causes acid rain.

10. COPPER is very unreactive.

11. ELECTROLYSIS is when ions are attracted to the negative electrode and deposited on the electrode as a copper metal.

12. TRANSITION METALS -In the centre of the periodic table. -All metals. -Unreactive. -Have a high density. -Conduct electricity and heat

13. RECYCLING METALS saves a lot of energy. -Help saves our fuel supply. -Reduces the need to mine for metal ore. -Copper is hard to extract due to it often being alloyed with other metals.

14. METALLIC STRUCTURE

    • BENEFITS. -Copper is a good electrical conductor for wiring. -Lead can be bent easily so is used to seal joints on roofs. -Steel is strong for scaffolding. -Aluminium alloys are corrosion resistant
    • DRAWBACKS. -Iron steel can rust, weakening structures. -Metal extraction causes pollution and uses most of the earths limited resources. -Metals are more expensive than other materials, e.g concrete.