Plants: Uses, Form, and Function

Plants: Uses, Form, and Function

1. PLANTS AS A BIORESOURCE

   • Photosunthesis
     • Glucose: 1) C=O bond breaks 2) C5 loses H and bonds with O instead 3) Broken H bonds with C1

2. TRANSPORTATION

   • Passive Transport
     • Goes along Concentration Gradient
       • Diffusion
       • Osmosis
   • Xylem Transportation
     • Root Pressure
       • Positive Pressure
       • Negative Pressure
     • Cohesion Tension Model
       • Transpiration
       • Cohesion
       • Adhesion
   • Active Transport
     • Goes against concentation gradient
   • Phloem Transportation
     • Translocation
       • Source
       • Sink
     • Pressure Flow Model

3. PLANT BODY

   • Formed when 2 monosaccharides react e.g A Glucose + A Glucose = Maltose
     • Sucrose Maltose Lactose
       • Using water we can 'undo' the glycosidic bond and separate the sugar into 2 monosaccharides (hydrolisis)
       • Reducing sugars
       • Sucrose = glucose & fructose ( 1,4 glycosidic bond)
     • The C1 OH & C4 HO react to form H20 and a C-0-C bond (glycosidic bond)
       • Called 'condensation reaction'

4. DICOTS

   • vascular bundles arranged in stars
   • palmate or pinnate
   • presence of wood(secondary growth)
   • taproot root system
   • examples of dicots

5. MONOCOTS

   • vascular bundles arranged in rings
   • parallel
   • parts of 3 or multiples of 3
   • no presence of wood
   • fibrous root system
   • examples of monocots

6. REPRODUCTION

   • Sexual Reproduction in Seed Plants
   • Alternation of Generations
   • Sexual Reproduction In Seed Plants
     • Sexual Reproduction In Angiosperms
       • angiosperm anatomy
         • sepal
         • petals
         • stamen
         • pistil
         • polar nuclei
         • pollen grain
     • Sexual Reproduction in Gymnosperms
   • Asexual Reproduction
     • Vegetative Prognation
     • Artificial Prognation

7. PLANT ORGANS

   • Anatomy of roots
     • Root Caps
     • Cortex
       • Endodermis
         • Casparian Strip
     • Taproot
     • Fibrous Roots
   • Stems
   • Anatomy of leaves
     • Cuticle
     • Mesophyll
     • Palisade Mesophyll
     • Spongy Mesophyll

8. SUCCESSION

   • Heat new sample with HCL then neutralise with NaHCO3
     • Heat with Benedict's reagent
       • Goes green , yellow, orange, red or brown
         • Non-reducing sugars present
       • Stays blue
         • No non-reducing sugars present

9. RESPONSES TO EXTERNAL STIMULI

   • Heat sample with benedict's reagent
     • stays blue
       • No reducing sugars present
     • goes green, yellow, orange, red or brown
       • Reducing sugars present

10. PLANT HORMONES

    • Stimulatory Hormones
      • Cytokinins
      • Gibberellins
      • Auxins
    • Inhibitory Hormones
      • Ethylene
      • Abscisic Acid

11. PLANT CELLS

    • Sclerenchyma Cells
    • Parenchyma Cells
    • Collenchyma Cells

12. PLANT TISSUES

    • Meristematic
      • embryonic tissues that can develop into specialized plant cells
    • Dermal
      • Outer covering of a plant
        • epidermis
        • guard cells
        • stoma
        • trichomes
        • root hairs
    • Ground
    • Vascular
      • xylem
        • transports water and minerals from roots to leaves
        • dead cells
      • phloem
        • transports nutrients(sugars) to areas needed for growth, metabolism and storage
        • living cells