FMS 1 Cell Structure & Function (Week 1)

FMS 1 Cell Structure & Function (Week 1)

1. CELL

   • = the vehicle for transmission of genetic info in all organism
   • Theory by MJ Schleiden & T Schwann 1839
     • composed of 1/> cells
     • Exist before
     • Vital function
     • contain Hereditary info
   • Characteristic
     • Self-contained & Self-maintening
     • Need nutrient
     • nutrient --> energy
     • Specialized function
     • Reproduce
     • Stores its own activity instruction
     • Use protein as catalyst
       • Amino acids bind and act as enzyme
     • Enclosed in plasma membrane across which nutrient & waste materials must pass
   • DNA
     • Components
       • 4 nucleotides : A,C,T,G
         • A <-> T, C <-> G
       • Deoxyribose
       • Phosphat compound
     • Structure
       • Double helix
     • Herited
     • RNA translation
       • PROCES ???

2. Prokaryotes

   • Cell Structure
     • Flagella
       • = long, slender projection composed of microtubule, serve to propel the cell
       • Types
         • Monotrichous
         • Peritrichous
         • Amphitrichous
         • Lophotrichous
     • Cell Wall
       • = a fairly rigid layer surrounding the cell provide structural support, protection, filtering
       • CLASSES
         • Gram-negative
           • inner membralikan -> periplasmic space -> peptidoglycan -> outer membrane -> porin protein -> LPS
         • Gram-positive
           • inner membrane -> peptidoglycan -> teichoic acid
     • Cell capsule
       • = layer outside cell wall composed of polysaccharides serve to protect bacteria from phagoctosis
     • PLasma membrane
       • = composed of protein & phospholipid, serve as permeability barrier, enzyme, transport solutes, energy generation (combined mitochondria), DNA anchoring, chromatid separation
     • Pili
       • = composed of protein, for DNA transfer during conjugation
     • Ribosomes
       • For protein synthesis
     • Chromosomes
       • Genetic material
     • Plasmid
       • Extrachromosomal genetic material
   • Multidrug resistance
     • Why ?
       • Enzymatic deactivation of antibiotic
       • Decreased cell wall permeability to antibiotic
       • Altered target sites of antibiotic
       • Efflux mechanism to remove antibiotic
       • increased mutation
     • Solution
       • Only use antibiotic for bacterial infection
       • Use specific antibiotic for specific bacteria
       • Don't stop antibiotics ASAP symptoms improve

3. Prokaryotes VS Eukaryotes

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