Malnutrition

Malnutrition

1. Pathophysiology

   • protein depletion
     • impaired liver function
       • inflammation
   • gluconeogenesis

2. Contributing Factors

   • Physical Illness
     • anorexia
     • diarrhea
     • vomiting
     • nausea
     • malabsorption syndrome
     • dementia
     • depression
   • Incomplete Diets
     • vitamin deficiencies
     • post-gastrectomy
   • Socioeconomic Factors
     • Food Insecurity
   • Drug-Nutrient Interactions
     • Grapefruit juice
     • Dietary Supplements
     • Herbs

3. Nursing Diagnosis

   • Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requrements
   • Feeding self-care deficit
   • deficient fluid-volume
   • Risk for impaired skin integrity
   • Noncompliance

4. Clinical Manifestations

   • dry, scaly skin
     • rashes
   • brittle nails
   • crusting and ulceration of mouth
   • hair loss
   • changes in tongue
   • decreased muscle mass
     • weakness
   • CNS
     • irritability
     • confusion

5. Diagnostics

   • History & Physical
     • Anthropometric Measurements
   • Labs
     • low albumin
     • low prealbumin
     • elevated CRP
     • elevated potassium
     • elevated liver enzymes
     • decreased RBC's
     • decreased hemoglobin

6. Nursing Interventions

   • MyPlate
   • educate
     • print sources