Chapter 9

Chapter 9

1. Language

   • Psycholinguists
     • Word recognition
     • Word frequency
     • Acquisition
     • Models & ex
       • Made by Forster
       • Interactive activation competition
       • Washoe
     • Bilingual
   • Adaptive functions of language
     • Gather in larger social units
       • Social systems
     • Learning skills
       • Bottom-up processing
       • Top-down processing
         • Speech segmentation
     • Brain
       • Broca's area
       • Wericke's area
       • Language acquisition device
       • Language acquisation system
       • Aphasia
       • Linguistic relativity hypothesis
   • Internal
     • Syntax
       • - Surface structure
       • - Deep structures
     • Semantics
       • Morphemes
     • Generativity
       • Phoneme
     • Displacement

2. Thinking

   • Mental representation
   • Thought, brain & mind
     • Brain regions - neuroscience
     • Thinking patterns
       • Propositional thought
         • Propotions
           • Concepts
       • Imaginal thought
       • Motoric thought
       • Reasoning
         • Deductive
           • General principles to a specific conclusion 
           • Conditional
         • Inductive
           • Starting with specific facts and trying to develop a general principle
         • Belief bias
         • Framing
           • 50% success rate vs 50% failure rate
     • Problem-solving
       • - Framing
         • - Generating hypothesis
           • - Testing solutions
             • - Evaluating results
       • Mental set
       • Problem-solving schemas
         • Algoritm
           • Always generate correct answer
         • Heuristic
           • Rule-of-thumb
         • Means-ends analysis
           • Subgoal analysis
         • Representativeness heuristic
           • How closely something/someone fits our prototype for a particular concept - therefore is a member of that
         • Avaliability heuristic
           • We tend to exaggerate
         • Confirmation bias
           • Looking for evidence that supports it rather than disconfirm it
         • Overconfidence
         • Script
           • Mental framwork
     • Expertise
       • Automatic
       • Schemas
       • Wisdom
         • 1. Rich factual knowledge about life 2. Rich procedural knowledge about life 3. An understanding of lifespan contexts 4. Awareness of relativism of values/priorities 5. Recognize and manage uncertainty
     • Mental images
       • Mental rotation
       • Metacognition
         • Comprehension, think