null
US
Anmelden
kostenlos registrieren
Registrieren
Wir haben festgestellt, dass Javascript in deinem Browser nicht aktiviert ist. Aufgrund des dynamischen Charakters unserer Website muss Javascript allerdings entsprechend aktiviert sein. Bitte lese dir unsere
Geschäftsbedingungen
durch, um mehr Informationen zu erhalten.
Nächster
Kopieren und bearbeiten
Sie müssen sich anmelden, um diese Aktion abzuschließen!
Kostenlos registrieren
2035264
Respiratory Failure
Beschreibung
Mindmap am Respiratory Failure, erstellt von Mandy Ng am 15/02/2015.
Keine Merkmale angegeben
nursing
biology
physiology
respiration
respiratory system
heart failure
Mindmap von
Mandy Ng
, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Mehr
Weniger
Erstellt von
Mandy Ng
vor etwa 9 Jahre
129
0
0
Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Respiratory Failure
An inability of the lungs to maintain arterial blood gas (ABG) at normal levels when a subject breathes air at rest
Failure for oxgenation
Failure for CO2 removal
Failure for both
General guideline: PO2 < 60mmHg and/or PCO2 > 50mmHg
Physiological causes
Hypoventilation
Upper airway obstruction
Dec. PO2 + Inc. PCO2
Weakness/ paralysis of respiratory muscles
Chest wall injury
Alveolar ventilation/ perfusion mismatching
Chronic obstructive lung disease
Restrictive disease
Dec. PO2 + Inc. PCO2/ Normal PCO2
Pneumonia
Impaired diffusion
Lung edema
Adult respiratory distress syndrome (Shock lung)
Dec. PO2 + Normal PCO2/ Dec. PCO2
N. PCO2 due to high solubility coefficient of CO2
Types
Type I
Gas exchange failure
PO2 < 60mmHg ; PCO2 < 50mmHg
Type II
Ventilatory failure
PO2 < 60mmHg ; PCO2 > 50mmHg
Hypoxemia
Causes
Hypoventilation
Diffusion impairment
Shunt
Blood passing process X do gas exchange
V/Q mismatching
Detection
Cyanosis
Tachycardia
CNS (mental clouding)
PaO2
Effects
Tissue hypoxia: Dec. O2 delivery
(CNS, myocardium)
Ceasation of aerobic oxidation
Anaerobic glycolysis
Metabolic acidosis (lactic acid)
Physiological changes
Mild (PaO2 60mmHg)
Mental performance impaired
Vision impaired
Mild hyperventilation
Severe (PaO2 < 40mmHg)
CNS (Headache, sleepy, clouding of consciousness)
CVS (Tachycardia, mild hypertension)
Pulmonary (hypertension)
Very severe (PaO2 Dec.)
CNS (Permanent damage)
CVS (Bradycardia, hypotension)
Pulmonary (Severe hypertension)
Renal (Proteinuria)
Hypercapnia
Causes
Hypoventilation
V/Q mismatching
Injudicious use of O2 therapy
Hypoxic ventilatory drive abolished --> V dec.
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction abolished--> worsening of V/Q inequality
i.e. Only giving O2 but not improving ventilation
Effects
Moderate hypercapnia
Inc. cerebral blood flow
Headache
More blood--> Inc. cerebral pressure
Severe hypercapnia
Narcotic
Clouding of consciousness
Acidosis
Respiratory acidosis (Inc. PCO2)
Metabolic acidosis (lactic acid)
Renal compensation: HCO3- retention
Management
Treatment for underlying disease
Antibiotic therapy for infection
Specific treatment for neuromuscular disorder
Treatment for airway obstruction
Removal of secretion
Encouragement to cough
Aspiration of secretion (brochoscopy)
Prevent viscous secretion by adequate hydration
Drubs to liquefy sputum
Bronchoconstriction
Use of bronchodilators
Treatment for hypoxemia
Oxygen therapy (if necessary)
Chronic obstructive disease: 25-30% O2
Shock lung: 60% O2
Effectiveness: evaluated by oximeter: SO2 > 90% = safe
Mechanical ventilation
For neuromuscular disorder
Treatment for hypercapnia
Mechanical ventilation
Zusammenfassung anzeigen
Zusammenfassung ausblenden
Möchten Sie
kostenlos
Ihre eigenen
Mindmaps
mit GoConqr erstellen?
Mehr erfahren
.
ähnlicher Inhalt
Photosynthesis and Respiration
Jessica Phillips
GCSE Biology AQA
isabellabeaumont
GCSE Biology B2 (OCR)
Usman Rauf
Biological Molecules Definitions
siobhan.quirk
Cells And Cell Techniques - Flashcards (AQA AS-Level Biology)
Henry Kitchen
Cell Structure
megan.radcliffe16
GCSE Biology - Homeostasis and Classification Flashcards
Beth Coiley
Exchange surfaces and breathing
megan.radcliffe16
Key Biology Definitions/Terms
courtneypitt4119
IB Biology Topic 4 Genetics (SL)
R S
Plant and animal cells
Tyra Peters
Bibliothek durchsuchen