Week 6

Week 6

1. 1. Working Conditions:refers to the working environment and all existing circumstances affecting labor in the workplace, including job hours, physical aspects, legal rights and responsibilities.

2. 2:Immigrant Living Condtions: These tenements were for poor immigrants that just came to the United States to start a better life. These tenements were overcrowded, unsanitary, and unsafe housing. At least 18 people lived in one tenement apartment.

   • 4.A theory that views environment rather than heredity as the important factor in the development and especially the cultural and intellectual development of an individual or group. 2 : advocacy of the preservation, restoration, or improvement of the natural environment especially : the movement to control pollution.
     • 5:Women's rights is the fight for the idea that women should have equal rights with men. Over history, this has taken the form of gaining property rights, the women's suffrage, or the right of women to vote, reproductive rights, and the right to work for for equal pay.
       • 6. Racial Discrimination: systemic separation of people into racial or other ethnic groups in daily life.
         • 7. Theodore Roosevelt: was a leader of the Progressive movement, and he championed his "Square Deal" domestic policies, promising the average citizen fairness, breaking of trusts, regulation of railroads, and pure food and drugs.
           • 8. Reformers, called Progressives, demanded that states pass antitrust laws to make cartels and monopolistic practices illegal and to regulate railroad rates. These laws, however, were ineffective because most trusts operated across state lines. ... In 1890, Congress passed the first federal antitrust law, the Sherman Act
             • 9: Clayton Antitrust Act: The Clayton Antitrust Act was a federal law passed during the era of the Progressive Movement to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies. The Clayton Antitrust Act revised the 1890 Sherman Antitrust Act and banned monopolistic practices by business.
               • 10: Meat Inspection Act: of 1906, U.S. legislation, signed by Pres. Theodore Roosevelt on June 30, 1906, that prohibited the sale of adulterated or misbranded livestock and derived products as food and ensured that livestock were slaughtered and processed under sanitary conditions.
                 • 11.Pure Food and Drug Act: The Pure Food and Drug Act (PFDA) prohibited the interstate transportation and sale of impure, contaminated food. The law was an important element of Roosevelt's Square Deal Domestic Policy and an important piece of legislation during the history of the Progressive Era
                   • Hull House: The Hull House in Chicago quickly becomes most famous settlement house in U.S. and serves as a model for over 400 other settlements across the country. Significantly, many settlement houses were established, led, and staffed by women, often from middle and upper classes. Settlement houses reflected a broader commitment to social reform during the Progressive Era.
                     • 12. 19th Amendment: Women became leaders in a range of social and political movements from 1890 through 1920. ... Progressive reformers wanted to end political corruption, improve the lives of individuals, and increase government intervention to protect citizens. The suffrage movement was part of this wave of Progressive Era reforms.
                       • 13. National Wildlife: They used their social standing to fight for birds. Pressure created national wildlife refuges and key laws and regulations that included the Lacey Act of 1900, banning the shipment of species killed illegally across state lines.
                         • 14: NAACP: The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was an organization founded as a result of a meeting between Du Bois and a group of African American and white progressives regarding the lynching of two African American men in Springfield, Illinois, the previous year.
                           • 15: Tuskegee Institute: Washington was a well-known African American educator and Progressive Era reformer who helped found the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Washington was born around 1856 as a slave in Virginia. After the Civil War, he went to a rural grade school opened by the Union Army. ... The school was called the Tuskegee Institute.
                             • 16:Upton Sinclair: The Jungle was Upton Sinclair's infamous 1906 novel that was a story that brought to light the problems in the meat industry. It was tied to the rise of the Progressive Era was all about getting the government more involved with society problems instead of letting society take care of itself through natural selection.
                               • 17: Jane Addams: A progressive social reformer and activist, Jane Addams was on the frontline of the settlement house movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She later became internationally respected for the peace activism that ultimately won her a Nobel Peace Prize in 1931, the first American woman to receive this honor.
                                 • 18: Jacob Riis: Jacob Riis crusaded for the establishment of settlement houses, public parks and playgrounds, and other reforms to improve the lives of those in New York City's slums.
                                   • 19: National American Suffrage Association: Immediately after the Civil War, Susan B. Anthony, a strong and outspoken advocate of women's rights, demanded that the Fourteenth Amendment include a guarantee of the vote for women as well as for African-American males. In 1869, Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton founded the National Woman Suffrage Association.
                                     • 20: Alice Paul: Alice Paul. A vocal leader of the twentieth century women's suffrage movement, Alice Paul advocated for and helped secure passage of the 19th Amendment to the US Constitution, granting women the right to vote. Paul next authored the Equal Rights Amendment in 1923, which has yet to be adopted.
                                       • 22: Gifford Pinchot: Gifford Pinchot was an important figure in the American conservation movement. As the first chief of the US Forest Service, Pinchot tripled the nation's forest reserves, protecting their long term health for both conservation and recreational use. ... At Yale, Pinchot became a leader in sustainable resource management.
                                         • 24: Act Woodrow Wilson: Wilson presided over the passage of his progressive New Freedom domestic agenda. His first major priority was the passage of the Revenue Act of 1913, which lowered tariffs and implemented a federal income tax. Later tax acts implemented a federal estate tax and raised the top income tax rate to 77 percent
                                           • 25: Booker T Washington: Booker T. Washington acted as a black leader in the Progressive Era, fighting against racism for blacks. He was a dominant leader, and he also had the advantage of getting the presidents on his side.
                                             • 26: William Howard Taft: Although Taft had never held elective office, he did have years of public service behind him. He had been a prosecutor and judge, U.S. solicitor general under President Harrison, the first civilian governor of the Philippines, and Roosevelt's Secretary of War.
                                     • 21: John Muir: Environmental Preservation in the Progressive Era. ... John Muir, founder of the Sierra Club, advocated preservation of natural resources from use, while Gifford Pinchot, a forester, called instead for conservation, the proper use of natural resources.

3. 3: Big business: an economic group consisting of large profit-making corporations especially with regard to their influence on social or political policy. 2 : a very profitable enterprise.