Acids, Bases and Salts

Acids, Bases and Salts

1. Acids

   • Acid: Proton donor that release H+ ions in aqueous solutions.
   • Common Acids
     • Hydrochloric Acid: HCl
     • Nitric Acid: HNO3
     • Sulfuric Acid: H2SO4

2. Bases

   • Base: Proton acceptor that readily accepts H+ ions from an acid.
   • Common Bases
     • Metal Oxides
     • Metal Hydroxides
     • Ammonia
   • Alkalis
     • Alkali: Soluble base that release OH- ions in aqueous solutions.
     • Common Alkalis
       • Sodium Hydroxide: NaOH
       • Ammonia: NH3
       • Potassium Hydroxide: KOH

3. Salts

   • Salt: Compound produced when the H+ ion of an acid is replaced by a metal ion or the ammonium ion.
   • Common Reactions
     • Acid+Base==Salt+H20
     • Acid+Alkali==Salt+H20
     • Acid+Carbonate==Salt+H20+C02

4. Water of Crystallisation

   • Anhydrous: Contains no water molecules.
   • Hydrated: Contains water molecules.
   • Water of Crystallisation: Water molecules that form an essential part of the crystalline structure of a compound.