Modernization

Modernization

1. BASIC PRINCIPLES

   • Best economic consequence= individuals free , no government restraints to make own economic decisions i.e UNRESTRICTED CAPTALISM
   • majority world should follow rich worlds path .More Western capitalism / industrial nations
     • WEAKNESS !! Ethnocentric , implying Western societies have no problems and traditional societies have no value
   • All societies are at one of Rostow's stages .
     • STAGE 1 -TRADITIONAL SOCIETY.. subsistence agriculture , little profit , small communities . jobs passed down in families
     • STAGE 2-TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPEMENT.. societies move from stage 1 because preconditions for 'take off' are created i.e efficient production ,more produce , increased profit
     • STAGE 2- INDUSTRIALIZATION. When entrepreneurs reinvest cash to expand businesses and generate even more profit
     • STAGE 4- GROWING INDUSTRIALIZATION ..creates a new set of social and logistical needs such as educated workers and roads to transport goods. to meet these needs ,stable Gov + taxation created
     • STAGE 5- MASS CONSUPTION ..when wealth trickles down to workers as wages rise and people's lifestyle improve . people can satisfy more than their basic needs.
     • WEAKNESS!! Oversimplifies , saying all societies follow the same development path CROSS ,(1979)
       • ignores diversity between nations. ef Ethiopia and Somalia are neighbouring countries BUT, their cultures are different from one another. They require different development plans
       • They blame all barriers to development on TW countries , ignoring unfair global trade practices
       • Industrial model of development is probably not sustainable , pollution and pressure on natural resources is unlikely to be able to continue
       • Treat nations as isolated , ignoring links between them, factors like colonialism
   • STRENGTH .. deeply influential esp to organisations such as UN, , the World Bank and IMF. IMF , which lead and finance much worlds development programs + initiatives
   • PARSONS FUNCTIONALIST : CULTURTAL FACTORS HINDER DEVELOPEMENT .PEOPLE LOCKED IN SMALL RURAL COMMUNITIES , BACKWARD LOOKING . TRADITIONAL AND RESISTANT TO CHANGE

2. AID

   • It should aim at large scale reforms that enable countries to copy the rich world's developement path
   • required component for 'take off' through stages of devlopement . ackoweledges the elites will gain at first, but then the poor gain by trickle down effect .
   • Aid is intrinsically postive
   • Aid should be spent importing western technicians and experts to develop industry and modernize agriculture ,,eg building roads
   • investment in education to pass values such as individualism , achievement and competition

3. EDUCATION

4. INDUSTRIALISATION

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