Vitamins

Vitamins

1. Water-Soluble

   • By requiring only the presence of water its absorption is less complex
   • Easily distributed in the bloodstream
   • They have less risk of toxicity due to easily elimination by secretions
   • They have participation as coenzymes
   • photosensitive and thermosensitive
   • B1 (Thiamine)
     • pyruvate dehydrogenase (coenzyme)
       • Pyruvate Metabolism
     • Participate in the Acid Citrus cycle
     • It helps the energy production process
     • Muscular Contraction
     • Nerve signal conduction
     • seeds, beans and almonds
   • B2 (Riboflavin)
     • Growth
     • Production of Red Blood cells
     • FAD coenzyme
       • Oxide-Reduction
     • Milk, eggs and salmon
   • B3 (Niacin)
     • Operation of the digestive system, skin and nerves
     • NADH coenzyme
       • DNA Repair
       • Oxide-Reduction
     • Orange, fish and liver
   • B5 (Panthotenic A)
     • Treatment in the deficiency of the diet
     • Use for osteoarthritis, arthritis
     • eggs, fish and nuts
     • Coenzyme A
       • Fatty acid transfer
   • B6 (Pyridoxine)
     • Antibody production
     • Neurological Function
     • Hemoglobin production
     • Serinehydroxymethyltransferase (coenzyme)
       • Amino acids metabolism
       • DNA/RNA
     • Pistachio, Chicken and Aromatics
   • B8 (Biotin)
     • Eggs, Milk, Bananas
     • Use for hair loss
     • Nervous damage treatment
     • Biocytin (coenzyme)
       • Carboxylation
   • B9 (Folic A.)
     • DNA synthesis
     • Production of Red Blood cells
     • tetrahydrofolate (active form)
       • Amino acids metabolism
     • Tissue growth
     • Broccoli, avocado, spinach
   • B12 (Cobalamin)
     • Storage at Liver
     • Protein Metabolism
     • CNS Maintenance
     • Participate directly as a coenzyme
       • Alkylation
     • intrinsic factor depend
     • Sardines, trout, yogurt

2. Fat-Soluble

   • Requires of transport mechanisms
     • Albumin
   • Can generate toxicity by accumulating
   • Clinical Relation
     • Can generate steatorrhea in case of deficit
   • A (Retinol)
     • Maintenance of tissues
     • Vision with the dimmed light
     • is in 2 ways
       • Animal Origin
         • Liver, Milk
       • Vegetal Origin
         • Carotenoids
     • It can be act as a hormone
     • Excess
       • Jaundice
       • Anorexia
       • Embriologic malformations
     • Déficit
       • Blindness
       • Infections
   • D (Calciferol)
     • It is a hormone
       • Modifies gene expression
     • Mineral absorption
     • Deficit
       • Osteoporosis
     • Excess
       • Hypercalcemia
       • Calcifications
     • Sunlight, milk, eggs
   • E (Tocopheryl)
     • Anti-oxidant
     • Cell Interaction
     • Immune system maintenance
     • Deficit
       • Neurological Problems
     • Excess
       • Abdominal pain
       • Dizziness
     • Products which contain oil
   • K (phylloquinone)
     • Not produced by direct form
     • Prebiotic origins
       • Probiotics
         • gut flora
       • Vegetables with leaves
     • Coagulation
       • Medium K epoxidase
     • Carboxylation of waste
     • Coagulation Factors
       • II,VII,IX,X
     • clinical relation
       • Déficit
         • Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
       • Excess
         • Irregular Coagulation
         • Anaemia
   • Complex absorption as it requires a lipidic medium
     • by joining with chylomicrons

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