Privation

Privation

1. Effects of Privation

   • Reactive attachment disorder symptons
     • 1. An inability to give or receive affection
       • 2. Poor social relationships
         • 3. Dishonesty
           • 4. Involvement in crime

2. Rutter

   • Found there are five major consequences of being privated
     • Affectionless psychopathy (due to failure to develop attachments in infancy)
     • intellectual underfunctioning (due to deficiency of stimulation and neccessary life experiences
     • Anti social behaviour (due to distorted intra familial relationship, hostility, discord or lack of affection
     • Enuresis {Bed wetting} (Associated with stress during the first six years)
     • Physical underdevelopment & developmental dwarfism (due to nutritional defiencies on early childhood

3. Case studies

   • Feral Children
     • Victor was left alone in the wild raised by other animals he was unable to speak and was uncivlised
       • Was able to feel empathy and compassion but unable to learn to speak
     • Found that their brains had shrunk due to its lack of stimulation
   • Genie
     • from the age of 20 months to 12 years old Genie lived in near total isolation. She was left naked and restrained, she was tied to a potty seat all day she could only move her hands and feet. At night's she was put in a straight jacket in a caged crib
       • When found she was unable to walk properly as she couldn't straighten her arms and legs, she didn't know how to chew so dribbled/ spat a lot. She was only able to recognise and the word sorry. In a congitive test genie scored the same as an average 1 year old
         • Genie was taught to speak and tal to others through gestures and sign language, she learnt how to chew and was potty trained. She could never fully walk properly and still showed anti-social behaviour
     • Koluchova Twins
       • Mother died, their step mother was incredibly cruel to them locked them in a cellar for 5 and a half years and she also beat them
         • when found twins were dwarfed in posture, they lacked speech suffered from rickets. The were predicted to have permanent physical and mental handicap
           • They were sent to a school for mentally disadvantaged children where they eventually caught up to their peers and were adopted 'they achieved emotional and intellectual abnormality' Undertook futher education and both married and have childrenn, they are stable lacking abnormalities and both have a paying job

4. Effects of institutionalisation

   • Disinhibited attachment
     • symptoms : Clingy, attention seeking behaviour and indiscriminate social interaction with adults
       • Due to
         • -Large number of careers children see
           • - Competition for adult attention
             • - child adapted to multiple careers at sensitive period of development
   • Goldfarb
     • Compared a group of children who experienced institutional care for the first 3 years of their life with children who were fostered straight away
       • Found that early fostered group were much more socially skilled and scored higher on intelligence tests
   • O'Connor et al
     • Studied the progress of 165 romanian orphans adopted into Uk families
     • Rutter et al
       • Studied the same orphans at age 11
         • Results showed that the effects of early institutional care continue to persist especially in those children who been adopted between the ages between 6 and 42 months
   • Tizards & Hodges
     • Aim: To see the long term effects of institutionalisation in the first 2- 4 years in the childs life
       • Procedure: Compared the development of four groups. One which remained in the institution
         • A group which were adopted between 2 and 4 years of age
           • A group who returned to their biological families between 2- 4 years of age
             • And a non-institutionalised comparison group
               • On measure of cognitive, behavioural and social development the adopted group had the most favourable outcome
                 • However problems persisted in the institutionalised children's social relationship, such as inability to form close relationships features of disinhibited attachment