Chapter 8

Chapter 8

1. DECODING IN READING

   • Lower level processes
     • Decoding
       • Recognising words in the text
       • Sub-lexical route
         • The reader uses a whole word as a visual symbol
         • Based upon phonology
       • Analogy
         • Analogy between new words and those that we already know.
     • Accessing lexical entries
     • They make few demands upon Working Memory
   • Higher level processes
     • Background knowledge to the text
     • Global meaning
     • Interpretation
     • Conscious control of the reader
   • Inner speech
     • Phonology contributes to reading

2. EYE MOVEMENTS IN READING

   • Rapid eye movements
     • Followed by periods of fixation
       • The eye rests upon a point in the text
       • The readers return sweep at the end of a line
       • Regression
         • Fall on the early part of a word
         • Their position may be determined by the spaces between words
       • Perceptual span
         • 15 characters
     • Processing a long word may sometimes involve two fixations
   • Good readers start off with about the same number of fixations as poor ones
   • Skilled reading
     • Much higher level of regression.

3. SKILLED AND UNSKILLED READERS

   • Evidence on context
     • Interactive-Compensatory Hypothesis
       • Information
   • Working Memory
     • Limited capacity
       • Skilled readers
         • Automatic decoding
       • Less skilled readers
         • Controlled dicoding

4. DECODING VERSUS 'WHOLE WORD'

   • The role of decoding
     • Word recognition (decoding) is an important component of reading
   • Skilled readers
     • Constructing meaning
       • Graphophonic system
     • Anticipate the next word
     • Reading comprehension
     • Processing of the individual letters
     • Errors slow down the reader
     • .
     • Comprehend letters