Biochemistry

Biochemistry

1. analysis serum+plasma

2. Plasma proteins

   • TP= albumin +globulin
     • albumin35-50% total plasma protein
       • intestinal/kidney disease- loss of albumin
     • globulin-produced by liver/ immune system
   • synthesised in liver
     • maintence -osmotic pressure

3. ALT-Cytoplasm of hepatocytes

   • cardiac muscle
   • renal cells + pancreas
   • corticosteriods/anticonvulsants ^ alt
   • indicator- liver damage

4. ALP/ALKP

   • Liver, bone, intestine
   • ^ in young
   • ^hepatic disease/hyperadrenocortiscism

5. AST-Asparate aminotransferase

   • liver/cardiac/RBCs/skeletal muscle
     • ^ muscle damage,Hepatic disease/haemolysis

6. Lipase

   • Secreted by pancreas
     • ^ acute pancreatitis, GI disease,kidney disease

7. Amalyse

   • secreted by pancreas
     • involved starch digestion, tissue distributuion
       • ^ pancreatitis/GI Disease

8. Ammonia - protein metabolism

   • ^ portosystemic shunts/ neuro problems

9. Urea

   • BUN- Waste product by liver, excreted by kidney
     • ^ necrosis, infection
       • high protein diet
         • CHF, Renal failure
       • urethral obstruction
   • Decrease- low protein diet. liver failure/shunts

10. Crea

    • muscle metabolism excreted kidneys
      • ^ renal insufficency
        • ^ Urinary tract obstruction
          • dehydration

11. Glucose-

    • ^Diabetes Mellitus
      • ^ cushing, stress
    • low-malabsorption
      • infection/ insulin overdose
        • septicaemia

12. Calcium

    • ^parathyroid disease
      • renal disease
      • tumour types

13. phosphate

    • ^ CRF

14. Potassium

    • water balance
      • Electrical impulse-nerves
        • ^ Hyperadrenocorticism
          • ^ renal disease
          • Decrease- GI disease, v+/d+
            • CRF

15. Bilirubin

    • Breakdown product haemoglobin
      • component of bile
    • ^ liver disease
      • anaemia
      • ^ biliary obstruction

16. Cholestrol

    • plasma lipoprotein
      • produced in liver
    • ^ hypothyroidism,DM,Renal/liver disease
      • Decrease maldigestion
        • malapsorbtion
        • hepatic insufficiency

17. Sodium

    • ^gi/ kidney disease
      • decrease hyponatraemia
        • GI disease/ V+/d+
          • hypoadrenocorticism
      • hypernatraemia

18. chloride

    • ^ hyperchloraemia
      • d+, kidney disease
        • overactive parathyroid
    • Decrease- hypochloraemia
      • v+ excessive sweating