Theories Of Deviance

Theories Of Deviance

1. Major Perspectives

   • The Structural Perspective
     • The Structural Functionalism
       • Society is a moral phenomenon
         • - Behave - Wants - Identities - Learned in childhood
       • Societies with high social integration- High conformity with little deviance
         • Anomie- people become distant
       • -Deviance functional for society
         • - Violations give social response - Deviance reminds what is acceptable or not
     • Strain Theory
       • -Culture dictates success - Access limited to certain classes
       • - Choosing deviant alternatives - Deviance lies in social structure
     • Differential Opportunity
       • Reformulation of Merton- Some groups have less opportunity for success - Not all disadvantaged people have same opportunity for deviance
       • Deviant Opportunities
         • - Criminal - Conflict - Retreatist
           • - Neighborhood Rife with crime - Racial people dominate illegal businesses - Men in leadership posts - Conflict over definitions of deviance
     • Feminist Theory
       • Patriarchal Structure
         • -Responsible for discrimination of women - pervades culture
         • - Includes Laws - Women disadvantaged - Male centered
     • Conflict Theory
       • - Structural view - Society seen as conflictual - Incompatible interests of diverse groups lead to conflict
   • The Cultural Perspective
     • Control Theory Of Delinquency
       • -Focus on micro level - Reverse the question - Ask why and what
         • - Social control resides in the extent to develop a bond - Less likely to risk loss - Less deviance if society is able to foster greater bonds and stake
     • Subculture Theory
       • Deviance was collective act carried out by groups - Multiple groups exist factions within and across groups - Each group has distinct norms and values
     • Culture Conflict Theory
       • Overlap between American culture and subcultures
         • Differences may lead to conflict
           • - People migrate or cross to another territory - One group invades another - Border area two groups have regular contact
     • Reaction Theory
       • - Builds on subcultural conflict idea - Focus on working class - Lower class boys cannot succeed middle class expectations
         • - Status frustration - Negative behavior
     • Lower Class Culture Theory
       • At odds with values
         • - Getting in trouble - Thoughness - Autonomy - Street smarts - Excitement - Fatalistic
     • Differential Association Theory
       • - Actual situational dynamics between macro structures and micro individuals - Socially Learned
         • - Learning from closest intimates - Circle of contacts adopt deviant behavior
     • Drift Theory
       • - Movement into deviant subcultures through a drift - Old circle left - Person drifts between deviance and conformity - No commitment
     • Labeling Theory
       • - Drift between deviance and conformity no longer option once branded as deviant - How people are defined - Interaction between society and the individual

2. Functionalism

   • Crime is normal part of societie
     • - Crime is constant - Crime is collective

3. Social Structure & Cultural Structures

   • -1st- Defines goals - 2nd- Defines controls and regulates

4. Types of Individual adaption

   • - Conformity -Innovation - Ritualism - Retreatism - Rebellion -

5. Control Theory

   • Eements of bond
     • - Attatchments - Commitment -Involvement - Belief