Genome -- Contains all genetic instructions

Genome -- Contains all genetic instructions

1. Chromosome -- Makes up the Genome, made of DNA

   • DNA -- Tightly bound, Double-helix structure that forms Chromosomes and contains Genes
     • Double-helix -- Two strands of alternating sugars and phosphates with nitrogenous bases lying like rungs on a ladder, connecting the strands. These strands resemble a staircase, so they are called 'Double-helix'
       • Nitrogenous Bases -- Composed of Adenine & Guanine (Purines) as well as Thymine & Cytosine (Pyrimadine)
     • Genes - Sequences within DNA that act as instructions to create proteins or do not create proteins
     • Transcription - Creates RNA out of DNA template
       • RNA -- Single strand structure that is involved in protein synthesis. Contains the nitrogenous base Uracil, instead of Thymine
         • Messenger RNA (mRNA) -- Single strand sequence that contains Codons/Exons (but not Introns) for creating specific Amino Acids
           • Single strand -- One strand of alternating sugars and phosphates with nitrogenous bases between them
           • Translation -- Process within the Ribosome (created from rRNA) that uses instructions (from mRNA) to create polypeptides from amino acids (carried by the tRNA)
             • Polypeptide -- When there are many Amino acid's within a Polypeptide, Proteins are created
               • Protein -- Complex structure that performs many functions for the human body
           • Exons & Introns -- Exons are genes that make proteins, they become mRNA. Introns are genes that don't make proteins, they get pulled out of the RNA sequence
           • Codon -- Sequence of nucleotides on an mRNA strand
         • Transfer RNA (tRNA) -- Carries Amino acids to ribosomes for Translation
           • Anticodon -- Complementary Codon to a specific Codon on the mRNA strand
           • Amino acid -- Make up Polypeptides
         • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) -- Contains instructions to create Ribosomes for Translation