BIOLOGICAL MODEL( WJEC)

BIOLOGICAL MODEL( WJEC)

1. ASSUMPTIONS

   • Evolutionary approach
     • adaptive
       • EXAMPLE: altruism
     • E.E.A
   • Neurotransmitters
     • nerve cells i.e neurons
       • presynaptic vesicle
       • post synaptic
       • synaptic cleft
     • examples:
       • serotonin and depression
       • dopamine and schizo
   • localisation of the brain
     • outer cortex= cerebral cortex for higher cognitive functions
     • split into 4 lobes
       • frontal lobe e.g.personality,problem solving
       • temporal lobe = hearing
       • occipital lobe = vision and colour
       • parietal lobe = pain and touch

2. DRUG THERAPY

   • ANTI ANXIETY
     • Stress, phobias
       • reduce adrenaline and noradremanline
         • BETA BLOCKERS reduce the above
     • Benzodiazepines e.g. increase GABA which reduces anxiety.
   • ANTIDEPRESSANTS
     • depression
     • SSRIS e.g. prozac
       • increase reuptake of serotonin
   • ANTIPSYCHOTICS
     • psychotic disorders e.g schizo
     • decrease dopamine in the brain to reduce hallucinations
       • newer atypical drugs e.g. chlozaril

3. KEY STUDY = RAINE

   • METHOD
     • 41(39/2) Age 34
     • quasi experiment
       • matched design
         • age/ gender
   • PROCEDURE
     • opportunity sample
       • PET SCAN compare NGRI/control
         • injected with glucose tracer FDG
           • given CPT task before test
           • 10 corticol peels after 32 mins took
   • FINDINGS
     • 1. Reduced in corpus collosum, prefrontal cortex and LH with HAT
     • 2. Increased in cerebellum/occipital lobe and RH with HAT( not previously linked to violence)
     • 3. no difference3. no difference bn NGRI and control e.g. putamen and midbrain, not previouslylinked
   • CONCLUSION

4. RELATIONSHIPS

   • Assumption : neurotransmitters
     • chemical messengers controlling behaviour and emotions
       • neurons- presynaptic vesicle inhibit or stimulate receptor neuron
     • example : oxytocin - hug hormone released during contact e.g.romantic relationships
   • Evolutionary approach
     • adaptive function
       • e.g mother and child e.g. altruism

5. EVALUATION

   • SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
     • Measured, tracked, objective e.g.
       • PET scans in Raine study
       • e.g. drug therapy
   • DETERMINISITC
     • predetermines behaviour so can be controlled
       • e,g schizophrenia- dopamine
   • SUCCESSFUL APPLICATIONS
     • phamaceutical applications e.g. drug therapy
       • Cherek and SSR
       • drug therapy 60% improve with taking lithium ( Viguera et al)
   • REDUCTIONIST
   • NATURE RATHER THAN NURTURE
   • INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES