1.0 DATABASE CONCEPT

1.0 DATABASE CONCEPT

1. 1.1 Introduction to Database

   • DATABASE
     • Definition
       • shared, integrated computer structure that stores related data
     • Types of Data:
       • End-user data → raw facts (interest to user)
       • Metadata → data about data
         • Describes characteristics of data
         • Shows relationships between data
         • Provides complete picture of database
     • Examples of Related Data
     • Characteristics
       • Data organization
         • organized in a structured format using tables
       • Persistent storage
         • the data remains available and unchanged until it is explicitly modified or deleted
       • Data integrity
         • data is accurate, consistent and reliable through constraints and validation rules
       • Security
         • mechanisms to control access and protect data from unauthorized access
   • Database Management System (DBMS)
     • DBMS
       • Collection of programs
         • manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database
     • Examples of DBMS
     • Characteristics
       • Data storage
         • Manages the storage of data, ensuring it is stored efficiently and can be retrieving quickly
       • Data manipulation
         • Provides tools for inserting, updating, deleting and retrieving data
       • Data integrity
         • Ensure that data remains accurate and consistent across the database
       • Data security
         • to protect data from unauthorized access and ensure data privacy
   • Database System
     • Database system
       • organization of components
         • define and regulate the collection, storage, management, and use of data within a database environment
     • Characteristics
       • Data schema
         • defines how data is stored and how the data elements are related
       • Database engine
         • core service for storing, processing, and securing data
       • Database applications
         • Software applications that use the database to store and retrieve data
       • Components
         • Hardware, Software, Data, Users, Procedures
     • Importances
       • Support for Decision-Making
       • Competitive advantage
       • Opinion Mining (Social Media Analytics)
       • Artificial Intelligence (AI) & Machine Learning (ML)
       • Sentiment Analysis
   • Business Intelligence (BI)
     • BI
       • Comprehensive and integrated set of tools/processes
         • capture, collect, integrate, store, and analyze data
           • generating and presenting information
             • Decision Making
     • Example
       • Company Questions: Best-selling products ? Peak sales time of year ? Best-performing store ?
         • BI Tools → Convert raw data into
           • Graphs, Reports, Dashboards
             • Goal → Guide company decisions
     • Benefits of database systems
       • Improved Data Quality
       • Faster Processing & Analysis
       • Enhanced Security & Access Control
       • Scalability
       • Integration with Various Tools

2. 1.2 Database System vs File System Data Processing

   • Data
     • Raw facts
       • Unprocessed / No meaning yet
         • End user
   • Information
     • Result of processing raw data
       • Transformed data → has meaning
         • Facilitates decision-making
   • File System Data Processing
     • How data stored ?
       • Stores data in isolated files, leading to redundancy and inefficiency
     • Disadvatages
       • Lengthy development times
       • Difficulty of getting quick answers
       • Complex system administration
       • Lack of security and limited data sharing
       • Extensive programming
       • Structural and Data Dependence
       • Data Redundancy
   • Database System
     • How data stored
       • Uses a structured format with relationships, enhancing efficiency and security
     • Advantages
       • Improved Data Sharing
       • Improved Data Security
       • Better Data Integration
       • Improved Data Access
       • Improved Decision-Making
       • Increased End-User Productivity

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