Questionnaires

Questionnaires

1. 1.- Types Structured: Fixed, closed-ended questions. Semi-structured: Mix of open and closed questions. Unstructured: Mostly open-ended, flexible format. Self-administered: Filled out by respondents. Interviewer-administered: Guided by a researcher.

2. 2.- Issues Poorly worded or ambiguous questions can cause bias. Low response rates, especially online. Social desirability bias (people give “nice” answers). Requires pilot testing for clarity and reliability.

3. 3.- Data Analysis Quantitative: Statistical analysis of closed-ended responses (frequencies, averages, correlations). Qualitative: Thematic analysis of open-ended answers.

4. 4.- Uses To collect information from large populations efficiently. To measure opinions, attitudes, or perceptions. Useful in descriptive and correlational research.

5. 5.- Limitations Limited depth of responses. Misinterpretation of questions without clarification. Difficult to ensure honesty or attention from respondents.