Tourism

Tourism

1. Ecotourism

   • Footsteps, Gambia
     • Huts made from local wood by local craftsmen
     • Composting toilets
     • 'grey' water is used to irrigate the plants
     • 20% profit is given back to the community (Gujur)
     • All 22 staff are locals
       • Paid all year round so NOT seasonal workers
   • Key Principales:
     • Educate visitors on culture/ environment
       • Positive experience for both visitors and hosts
         • Cooperate with locals to ensure management of natural areas
           • Employ local people
             • Contribute to conservation
               • Minimise the negative impacts of tourism

2. Growth of Tourism

   • Political
     • Turkey is less popular due to political issues
       • Iraq and Cuba are other examples
     • Can now travel to China because of VISAs
   • Economic
     • Greater wealth
       • Higher disposable income
     • Fewer children
       • 2.4 to 1.8
         • (1971 to 2015)
     • Currency is easier to get hold of
   • Social
     • 1950s - 50 hr week
       • 2010 - 40 hr week
         • More time to spare
     • 28 days paid sick leave
     • Easier to book hotels and flights

3. Types of Tourism

   • Beach holiday
     • Spain / Greece
   • City breaks
     • Eurotunnel / cheap flights
   • Activity holidays
     • White water rafting
   • Health
     • Dental (Cape Town)
   • Heritage and culture
     • Windsor Castle or Macchu Picchu

4. Human and Physical Attractions

   • Athens, Greece
     • Human
       • Hotels are not too busy, instead are uncongested
       • Large port for cruise ships and boat trips
       • Historic monument
         • Acropolis
     • Physical
       • Calm, warm and blue sea ideal for watersports
         • Sailing
       • Attractive parks provide shade from the sun

5. Butler's Model

   • Blackpool
   • Stages
     • Exploration
       • Involvement
         • Development
           • Consolidation
             • Stagnation
               • Rejuvenation
                 • 2003 - £80 million coastal defence scheme brought it
               • Decline
                 • 1990 - 17 million visitors to 9 million visitors
                 • Used for stag and hen nights
               • 1970 - Blackpool zoo
             • 1870 - 850,000 visitors and Blackpool Tower Built
           • Attractions such as central pier (1870)
         • 1780 - services began to be provided
           • First road
           • 1840 - first trainline
       • 1720 - rich people visited the beach

6. Impact of Tourism

   • LIC
     • Zanzibar, Tanzania
       • Negatives
         • Seasonal jobs
           • Locals unable to afford food
           • Fishermen finding it hard
             • Less space to fish
           • Traditional skills lost
             • Densely populated now
       • Positives
         • £20 million earned through tourism
           • Hotels fit within the landscape
             • World Heritage site status for Stone Town
   • MIC
     • Asia Napa, Cyprus
       • Negatives
         • Low paid jobs
           • Increased amount of litter
             • No turtles any more
             • Original inhabitants moved away
       • Positives
         • 20% GDP
           • 40,000 people employed in hotels
             • Beaches are cleaned daily
             • Better night life
             • WaterWorld opened in 1996

7. Tourism in Fragile Environments

   • Yosemite National Park
     • 1954 - 1million visitors
       • 1994 - 4 million visitors
         • El Capitan sheer rock face
     • Early problems 1980
       • It was busy so....
         • Larger car parks and wider roads
         • One way system implemented
     • Modern problems 1990
       • Too much traffic congestion
       • Pollution
       • Lack of parking
     • Future plan
       • $343 million
         • Pedestrian and cycle paths
         • Shuttle bus
         • Out of valley parking (550 spaces)
         • Camping set back from river
         • Shower units for campers