Chemistry - C3 - AQA - GCSE - Alkanes / Alkenes, Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids and Esters

Chemistry - C3 - AQA - GCSE - Alkanes / Alkenes, Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids and Esters

1. Alkanes

   • Single bond
   • M E P B
     • Methane
     • Ethane
     • Propane
     • Butane
     • After the first four alkanes (and alkenes) it continues as the shapes do.
       • Pentagon
         • Pentane
       • Hexagon
         • Hexane
       • -agon
         • -ane
   • Functional group -------->

2. Alkenes

   • Double bond
     • You CANNOT have methene
   • Hydrocarbons
     • Composed of hydrogen and carbon
   • For the naming of alkenes, take the alkane name and replace the 'a' with an 'e'.
     • For example, ethane -a +e ---> ethene
   • Functional group -------->

3. Alcohols

   • The alcohol takes the form of the alkane without the 'e' and with 'ol'
     • For example, ethane -e +ol --------> ethanol
   • Functional <--------group
   • Uses of alcohol
     • >Drinking >Disinfecting >Fuelling >Dissolving

4. Homologous group - A series of molecules with the same functional group.

5. Carboxylic acids

   • Functional <--------group
   • The carboxylic acid takes the form of the alkane without the 'e' and with 'oic acid'
     • For example, ethane -e +oic acid --------> ethanoic acid

6. Esters

   • A combination of an alcohol and a carboxylic.
   • The functional group section of the alcohol and the hydrogen which is on the oxygen from the carboxylic acid detaches to form water. The alcohol then attaches to the oxygen that remains on the carboxylic acid to form an ester.
   • Ethanol + Ethanoic acid --------> Water + Ethyl Ethanoate
   • The word takes the same concept as the others. For the alcohol, remove the 'anol' and add 'yl' and for the carboxylic acid, remove the 'ic acid' and add 'ate'.
     • For example, ethanol -anol +yl and ethanoic acid -ic acid +ate --------> ethyl ethanoate
     • It is displayed opposite to how it is said. Methyl-ethanoate is shown with the ethanoate then the methyl.

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