Zusammenfassung der Ressource
1905 Revolution
- Causes
- Social
- 80% of Russian
population peasants –
poverty
- Population growing
rapidly – 98milliom in
1885 to 125million by
1905
- Peasants reacted to
famines with violence
- Jacqueries – peasants attacked
government officials – destroyed
government landholdings records
- Extremely poor working
and living conditions
- Political
- January 1905 – Russia was still an autocracy
- No elected National
Parliament
- Demand for political reform growing
- Reformers were a
mixed group who had
nothing in common
apart from opposing
Tsarism
- Economic
- Size of
peasants
landholdings fell
- 1892, 1898, 1901 – harvest
failures caused famine
- Russian agriculture
backward compared
to Europe
- Rapid growth of
population in towns and
cities
- Bloody Sunday- 9th Jan 1905
- Father Gapon (Priest and Police Informer)
led a march of workers to the Winter Palace
to petition the Tsar – 10,000 people
- Demand of higher wages,
shorter working hours and free
elections
- Troops opened fire, killing over a 100 demonstrators
- Russo Japenese War
- Russia underestimated Japan – War was
started to give population more faith in the
government/Tsar
- January 1905 –
forced to
surrender Port
Arthur Naval base
in North China
- Land and
sea defeats
- The Japanese had better tactics
and a more modern army
- National humiliation
- Japanese knew everything about the
position of the Russian ships and when
they would arrive
- Caused unrest
against the
Government
- Undermined support for the Tsar
- Economic trouble/consequences
- Peasant Uprising
- Jacqueries
- Revolt due to poor harvests and the raising of taxes
- Kursk province – February 1905
- By the end of the year, most of the European part of
Russia had been affected by outbreaks of civil unrest
- Armed Uprisings
- Strikes continued through
Autumn/Winter 1905
- Many turned violent
- 5th December
– general
strike in
Moscow, by
the 7th it had
turned violent
- Several thousand armed workers
– violent struggle with the Police
and Government troops
- By the 18th December, 1000 dead, parts of cities
in ruins, the revolutionaries surrendered
- Mutinies
- Key to success
or failure of the
revolution
- Some army and navy units after Bloody Sunday
- June 1905 – Potemkin crew killed some of
their officers, took control of the ship,
bombarded the Black sea port of Odessa
and headed for Romania
- Not widespread – received publicity and
undermined the Tsar’s authority
- Army was unlikely
to turn against the
regime
- Strikes
- February
1905 –
400,000
workers
- End of 1905 – 2.7million workers on strike
- General Strike – 20th
September – 30th
October 1905
- Strikers set up Soviet’s
(Worker’s Councils) to direct
strikes
- Railway workers – threatened
Government as railways transported
troops
- Soviets
- Workers
Councils
- Main one in St
Petersburg – had the
most workers
- Product of general
strike in the Capital
- Groups of workers
elected
representatives to the
Soviet
- 400
members
representing
96 factories
- Organised strikes
and ensured
striking workers got
food