Zusammenfassung der Ressource
Respiratory system 3
- Lungs
- Apex points superiorly, extending into neck above 1st rib
- Base rests on superior surface of diaphragm
- Costal surface: follows contours of rib cage
- Mediastinal surface: contains hilum, bears grooves
of great BVs and cardiac impression
- Right Lung
- Right pleural cavity
- 3 lobes: superior,
middle, inferior
- Horizontal and
Oblique fissures
- Broader than left lung
- Shorter than left lung
(diaphragm rises on right side
to accommodate liver
- Left Lung
- Left pleural cavity
- 2 lobes: superior and inferior
- Narrower than right lung ( heart and great
vessels project into left pleural cavity
(cardiac notch and cardiac impression
- Longer than right lung
- Pleura and pleural cavity
- Parietal pleura:
covers diaphragm
and thoracic wall
- Visceral Pleura covers
outer surfaces of lungs
- Between pleura is
pleural cavity
- Filled with pleural fluid
secreted by both pleural
membranes -
lubrication = prevention
of friction during
breathing
- Clinical examples
- Pnemumothorax
- Haemothorax
- Chylothorax
- Pleural effusion
- Thiracocentesis
- Pleuritis (Pleurisy)
- Thoracic cage
- True ribs (vertebrosternal ribs) : 1-7
- False ribs: Vererbrochondral
ribs: 8-10 and Floating ribs
(vertebral ribs) 11+12
- Intercostal muscle
- Assist breathing by changing dimensions of rib cage
- External intercostal muscles - inspiration
- Internal and innermost intercostal muscles - forced expiration
- Elastic recoil of lungs - adequate for passive expiration
- Diaphragm
- Between thoracic
and abdominal
cavities
- Dome-shaped skeletal musle
- Inspira5tion- diaphragm
contracts and moves inferiorly,
increases thoracic volume and
causes air to be drawn into lungs
- Expiration - diaphragm
relaxes and air pushed
out of lungs