Flashcards
The Effects of Exercise on the Muscular, Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
Cards in this deck (14)
- 1What can muscular training increase?Self esteem
Balance
Muscle strength and tone
Bone density
Health and wellbeing - 2Why is muscular training important for OAPs?Helps to ease arthritis pain
Slows muscle loss at older ages - 3What are some other short term effects of exercise on the muscular system?Prevent injury
Strength
Size
Power
Endurance - 4What are some short term effects of exercise on the respiratory system?Increase in pulse/heart rate
Increased body temperature
Increased stroke volume
Increased cardiac output
Increased breathing and respiration rate
Increased tidal volume
Minute volume increases
Muscle fatigue/ lactic acid increase
Increased muscle temperature - 5What are some long term effects of exercise on the Muscular system?Increase in mitochondria numbers so more energy is produced
Muscles, bones and ligaments become stronger so they can cope with the additional stress and impact being applied
Muscles can store more glycogen for energy
Skeletal muscles have more myoglobin and can store more oxygen and transport more to the mitochondria
Enzymes involved in energy production become more efficient and can speed up the metabolism
More anaerobic exercise can be performed because more energy is stored in the muscles before exercise - 6What happens to the diaphragm and intercostals in the long term?Increase in strength
- 7How does this affect respiratory systems?Larger respiratory volumes which allows more oxygen to be diffused into the blood flow
- 8In the long term what effect does exercise have on capillaries surrounding the alveoli?There are more and they are greater in diameter so this allows a greater rate of gaseous exchange
- 9How does long term exercise help the working muscles?There is a greater rate of oxygen diffusion so there is more oxygen delivered to the working muscles and more carbon dioxide is removed. An increased vital capacity also does this by bringing in more air per breath. Minute ventilation also increases so you can breathe more in one minute
- 10What effects does long term exercise have on the cardiac muscles?Cardiac muscles strengthen so more blood can be pumped more quickly as the walls of the heart are now thicker and stronger and also the number of red blood cells increases, these mean that more blood and therefore oxygen can be delivered to muscles during exercise
- 11Why does resting heart rate decrease?Because the body's circulatory system is more efficient
- 12Less lactic acid builds up, why?Because the body can produce more oxygen so anaerobic exercise occurs less and also the body can remove waste products quicker.
- 13What happens to arterial walls and what effect does this have?They become more elastic and this creates a better tolerance to changes in blood pressure
- 14What are some short term effects of exercise on the circulatory system?Adrenaline is released (this also occurs in anticipation sometimes)
Cardiac output is increased
Increased amounts of lactic acid and carbon dioxide are produced
Oxygen levels within the blood decrease
Blood pressure increases, this increases flow rate
Vasodilation and vasoconstriction occur to direct blood flow.