Immunology part 2

Immunology part 2

1. Third line defence

   • Adaptive immune response
     • characteristics
       • response higher in the second infection
       • specific
       • immune activated after infection starts
       • memory stored

2. organs of lymphatic system

   • primary
     • Absence of antigen
   • secondary
     • Antigen-driven immune cell

3. development of T and B cells

   • lymphocyte
     • B cells
       • bone marrow
     • T cells
       • thymus
     • Have markers
       • bind to receptors on other cells
       • transmit and receive message
       • bind to antigens
     • receptors
       • Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)
         • class 1
           • all nucleated cell
         • class 2
           • antigen-presenting cell
             • macrophages
             • dendritic cells
             • B cells
         • class 3
           • protein associated with the complement system
       • Cluster of differentiation (CD)
         • CD4
           • MHC class 2
         • CD8
           • MHC class 1
       • Antigen-specific
         • recognise one type of unique antigen
         • diverse key and lock shapes
         • T and B cell carrying receptors
           • clones receptors
             • clonal deletion
               • eliminate lymphocytes that recognise self-antigens

4. Presentation antigen

   • Antigen
     • provoke immune response
     • antigenicity depends on
       • complexity
       • size
       • foreignness
     • presented by APCs
       • B cells
         • immunoglobulins
           • IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, IgD
       • dendritic cells
       • macrophages
       • T-cell receptors (TCR)
         • co-receptors
           • CD4 and CD*

5. T-cell response

   • APCs activate T cells
     • stimulate into
       • T helper cells (Th)
         • activate other cells
           • macrophages
           • B cells
           • Tc cells
       • Memory T cells
         • store immunological memory
       • Regulatory T cells (Treg)
         • prevent excessive inflammation and autoimmunity
       • Cytotoxic T cells (Tc)
         • attact
           • infected host cells
           • cancerous host cell
           • foreign cells
         • secrete granzymes and perforins
           • leads to perforations and apoptosis

6. B-cell response

   • T-independent
   • T-dependent
     • T-helper cell
   • Differentiate
     • memory B cells
     • Regulatory B cells
     • Plasma cells
       • antibodies
         • Neutralisation
         • Oponisation
         • Agglutination
         • Antitoxin action