56843
WATER FLUORIDATION
- James Crichton Browne
- HISTORY OF WATER FLUORIDATION
- Linking brown stain to fluoride1902-1932
- Linking brown staining to DMFT1993
- Proving effectiveness of artificial waterF1945
- Proving effectiveness of artificial waterF1945
- Linking brown staining to DMFT1993
- Linking brown stain to fluoride1902-1932
- HISTORY OF WATER FLUORIDATION
- FREDERICK MCKAY
- Moves to Colorado and notices brown stains on teeth: COLORADO BROWN STAIN
- Minute white flecks to yellow/brown spots
- called this MOTTLED TEETH 1901
- In 1909 Mckay enlists help of G.V BLACK
- FINDINGS: mottled teeth were more rough than normal teeth
- Not any more prone to caries than normal teeth
- Something to do with water supply but they weren't sure 1916
- Then in a mining town of Oakley, Idahowere running out of water and sunk a deep well 1909
- Children born after then were subject to Colorado brown stain
- Reported by Dr Robertson 1928 - Mckay +Kemp to investigate
- Published results in 1930 still did not know what cause was
- Chief chemist of from ALCOA company (worried that people thought it was aluminium)
- Carried out tests on the water and found it was high Fluoride in water that caused stain
- Carried out tests on the water and found it was high Fluoride in water that caused stain
- Chief chemist of from ALCOA company (worried that people thought it was aluminium)
- Published results in 1930 still did not know what cause was
- Reported by Dr Robertson 1928 - Mckay +Kemp to investigate
- Children born after then were subject to Colorado brown stain
- Then in a mining town of Oakley, Idahowere running out of water and sunk a deep well 1909
- Something to do with water supply but they weren't sure 1916
- Not any more prone to caries than normal teeth
- FINDINGS: mottled teeth were more rough than normal teeth
- In 1909 Mckay enlists help of G.V BLACK
- called this MOTTLED TEETH 1901
- Minute white flecks to yellow/brown spots
- Moves to Colorado and notices brown stains on teeth: COLORADO BROWN STAIN
- H.TRENDLEY DEAN
- Showed that more than 1ppm fluoride in water caused mottling
- Dr Ainsworth showed that optimum levels of F in water is 1ppm
- after then not a significant drop in caries - more concerned with aesthetics
- Mottling increases after 1ppm
- They then realised that Fluoride has an effect on caries
- They then realised that Fluoride has an effect on caries
- Mottling increases after 1ppm
- after then not a significant drop in caries - more concerned with aesthetics
- Dr Ainsworth showed that optimum levels of F in water is 1ppm
- Showed that more than 1ppm fluoride in water caused mottling
- ARTIFICIAL WATER FLUORIDATION
- 1STplace to receive it was Grand Rapids USA - 1945
- North/South Sheilds (WEAVER 1944) - kids in south had 50% less caries
- North/South Sheilds (WEAVER 1944) - kids in south had 50% less caries
- 1STplace to receive it was Grand Rapids USA - 1945
- WF reduces caries by 50-60% ( old data )
- With the introduction of t/pastes in 1970's - now a 20% reduction
- With the introduction of t/pastes in 1970's - now a 20% reduction
- TIEL-CULEMBORG STUDY
- water fluoride has great benefit on smooth surface
- water fluoride has great benefit on smooth surface
- 10% of UK has WF
- 50% of USA has WF
- 80% of decay occurs in 20% of kids
- ie if a kid has decay, they have loads!
- ie if a kid has decay, they have loads!
- 50% of USA has WF
- REASONS FOR CEASING WF
- POLITICAL - mass medication expensive?
- Advantage would be everyone receives it-decrease social in equalities
- UNETHICAL - people don't have a choice on receiving it
- UNETHICAL - people don't have a choice on receiving it
- Advantage would be everyone receives it-decrease social in equalities
- IS IT SAFE/ETHICAL/EFFECTIVE?
- F is a naturally occurring substance ie Tea
- 50% of ingested F is retained in calcified tissue
- F can Poison in large quantities
- F can Poison in large quantities
- 50% of ingested F is retained in calcified tissue
- F is a naturally occurring substance ie Tea
- POLITICAL - mass medication expensive?
- FLUOROSIS
- WHITE, OPAQUE, FLAT
- acid abrasion can remove - superficial layer of Enamel where F lies
- acid abrasion can remove - superficial layer of Enamel where F lies
- WHITE, OPAQUE, FLAT
- FLUORIDE POISONING!
- If a child ingests more than 5mg per kg of child weight - get child to drink milk(Ca binds to F) take to hospital
- If a child ingests more than 5mg per kg of child weight - get child to drink milk(Ca binds to F) take to hospital
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