Zusammenfassung der Ressource
How did the Bolsheviks
gain and hold on to power?
- He tried to fulfil his promises of 'Peace, Land and
Bread'
- Peace
- Trotsky was sent to negotiate a treaty 'THE TREATY OF BREST LITOVSK'
- Russia lost Poland, Finland,
Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and
most of the Ukraine
- This included 1/3 of iron works, 90% of coal industry, 1/6 if the population and 1/3 of the railway
- 50 Million people
- Set the tone for the future (Germany-Briatin/France)
- Land
- Lenin abolished land ownership and land was owned by the state
- Bread
- Difficult to provide especially during civil war
- Why did the Bolsheviks win the Civil War?
- War Communism
- Economic Policy introduced by Lenin
- Factories taken over by the government
- Strict discipline
- Production was planned by the government
- Food Rations
- Peasants had to hand over surplus food
- People stopped growing food
- Trade became illegal
- Money was worthless
- The Red Terror
- Assassination attempt on Lenin 1918
- Mass executions
- Middle and Upper class targeted
- 750,000 murdered
- Execution of The Tsar
- The Tsar and family were in exile
- Posed a threat to the Bolsheviks
- 16th July 1918 the Tsar was shot with his family in the cellar
- Bolsheviks Vs Opposition Force
- Reds
- Stay in power to build a socialist society
- Held central Russia
- Control over large Industries
- Controlled railways
- Organised (Trotsky)
- Whites
- Support the Tsar (supported by foreign countries)
- Scattered around Russia
- Communication difficulties
- Lacked common aim and leader
- How effectively did the Provisional Government rule Russia in 1917?
- Problems they faced
- Not a truly elected party
- Soliders were deserting
- Peasants were looting
- Worker soviets were being created
- Food shortages
- Petrograd Soviet had power
- April Theses
- Lenin arrives on April 16th in Petrograd
- Promises 'PEACE, LAND AND BREAD'
- June offensive
- Russian army launched offensive against Germany
- Soviets were badly equipped
- many deserted
- many soldiers joined Bolsheviks
- 'July days'
- Red Guard (unofficial army) had grown to 10,000
- Riots broke out 16th/17th
- crushed by governent
- 4400 people killed or injured
- Consequences
- Kerenksy became the new leader of the PG
- Kerensky accused the Bolsheviks of working for Germany
- Lenin fled
- Reintroduced Death Penalty
- started to reform industry and land ownership
- Kornilov Revolt
- Appointed as the new supreme commander by Kerenksy
- September, Attempted to seize
Petrograd
- Uses the army against
PG
- Military dictatorship (army runs
country)
- Kerensky arms Bolsheviks and sets free many who were imprisoned in the July Days
- Kornilov was arrested
- Kerensky doesn't disarm the Bolsheviks
- PG looks weak
- Revolution
- 20th Oct) Lenin returns in
disguise
- 23rd Oct) Lenin prepares for
Revolution
- 6th Nov) Trotsky seizes key position in Petrograd
- 8th Nov) Lenin announces that a revolution as
occurred
- Who was who
- Provisional
Governement
- Kerensky
- Prince Lvov
- Petrograd Soviets
- Lenin
- Crucial to
Revolution
- Convinced Bolsheviks to oppose war
- Created the red guard
- Remained leader although on the run
- Decided on immediate revolution
- Trotsky
- Did not return until May
1917
- Became chairman of the Petrograd Soviet
- Trotsky organised November Revolution
- created the Red
Guards
- How far was the New Economic Policy a success?
- Peasants had to hand over a fixed amount to the government but could sell the rest for profit
- Increased food supply
- Encouraged Industry
- Growth in Kulaks and NEPMEN
- 1921-1928